Scientia Agricultura Sinica

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Identification and Comparative Analysis of Metabolites in Grape Seed Based on Widely Targeted Metabolomics

LU SuWen1, SHENG HongJie2, ZHENG XuanAng1, JIA HaiFeng1, FANG JingGui1 #br#   

  1. 1College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095; 2Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014
  • Published:2022-10-09

Abstract: 【ObjectiveGrape seeds have high bioactivity because they are rich in many metabolites. The objective of this study is to comprehensively identify the metabolite components in grape seeds, compare and analyze the differences of metabolites among different varieties, and explore the relationship between metabolites in grape seeds and skin color and variety origin, so as to provide a reference basis for further development and utilization of grape seeds. MethodThe mature seeds of purple-skinned Kyoho (V. labruscana: V. labrusca × V. vinifera, JFS), pink-skinned Wink (V. vinifera, WKS), and yellow-skinned Italia (V. vinifera, YDS) were used for widely targeted metabolomics analysis by UPLC-MS/MS. The metabolites were identified and compared by multivariate statistical methods. ResultThe quality of metabolomics data was good; the data of samples within groups was repetitive and the differences in the data of samples among groups were existed. A total of 514 metabolites were identified in the seeds of three grape varieties, including 6 primary metabolites such as amino acids and lipids and 20 secondary metabolites such as proanthocyanidins and resveratrol. Among different varieties, the metabolite components were similar but the metabolite contents were significantly different. The relative contents of most metabolites were high in the dark variety Kyoho, followed by the light variety Wink, but low in the colorless variety Italy, indicating that the metabolite contents in grape seeds may be positively correlated with the skin color. The relative contents of metabolites in the seeds of Wink and Italia were similar, while they were greatly different from those of Kyoho, indicating that the metabolite contents in grape seeds may be related to the variety origin. The differential metabolites among different varieties were mainly involved in phenylpropane biosynthesis, anthocyanin synthesis, lipid metabolism, etc. pathway. There were many phenolic compounds in the differential metabolites and the metabolites with the large difference were mainly flavonoids. Grape seeds are rich in phenols and lipids. In addition to monomeric flavane-3-ols and their polymers, the relative contents of other phenolic compounds such as flavones and flavonols are also high. There was no significant difference in the relative contents of resveratrol among the three varieties. The relative contents of glyceryl phosphatide such as lysophosphatidylcholine were high, while those of linolenic acid were low. There was little difference in the relative contents of lipids among different varieties. ConclusionThe metabolite components  in grape seeds of different varieties were similar, while the metabolite contents were related to the skin color and the variety origin. Phenols and lipids are important components of metabolites in grape seeds and can be used as good sources for food and other processing industries.


Key words: grape (Vitis vinifera), seed, metabolomics, metabolite, phenol, lipid

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