128份茶树种质农艺性状和生化成分多样性分析及综合评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.21.016

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to explore the utilization potential of preserved tea germplasm and breed new elite tea cultivars, and to provide a theoretical and practical references for the breeding of new tea varieties and efficient identification of tea germplasm in Guizhou Province. 【Method】A total of 128 tea germplasm preserved in the resource nursery were used as materials. 6 agronomic traits (including cold resistance, phenological stage, bud and leaf morphology, etc.) and 14 biochemical components (including catechins, alkaloids, theanine, etc.) were systematically determined. Comprehensive evaluation was conducted by combining genetic diversity analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and grey relational analysis (GRA). 【Result】The variation coefficients of 20 trait indices of the 128 tea germplasm ranged from 13.33% to 114.10%, and the genetic diversity indices ranged from 0.92 to 2.08. The average variation coefficient (31.66%) and genetic diversity index (1.63) of agronomic traits were lower than those of biochemical traits (49.80%, 1.86). The length of one bud and three leaves, theogallin, caffeine, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and theanine contents showed normal distribution, while the kurtosis values of gallocatechin gallate (GCG) and 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (1,2,6-TGGP) exceeded 20, indicating that the contents of these two components were highly concentrated in the 128 tea germplasm. Correlation analysis showed that the frost injury index was significantly positively correlated with bud and leaf pubescence (P<0.05), and significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with bud and leaf color, theobromine, caffeine, and epicatechin (EC) (P<0.01; P<0.05). One-bud-one-leaf stage was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with length of one bud with three leaves, young shoot pubescence, caffeine and EGCG contents (P<0.01; P<0.05), and extremely significantly negatively correlated with theogallin, gallic acid, EC, ECG, and theanine contents. Cluster analysis divided the 128 germplasm into 7 clusters, agronomic traits including phenological stages and yield indicators, together with major biochemical components such as caffeine, EGCG and theanine, were the key characteristics for distinguishing germplasm of different groups. PCA extracted 7 principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 69.35%. Biochemical traits such as EGCG, caffeine, epigallocatechin (EGC), and EC were key indicators affecting F comprehensive score. Grey relational analysis was carried out by constructing an ideal cultivar based on extra-early sprouting, strong cold resistance, and high theanine content. The weighted grey relational degrees between 128 germplasm and the ideal cultivar ranged from 0.51 to 0.73, Notably, GT-GY-05, HJY-F1-55, GT-AS-41, GT-LP-01, and JAL1 exhibited values exceeding 0.7. 【Conclusion】The 128 tea accessions possessed abundant genetic diversity. Overall, biochemical traits showed higher variation coefficients and genetic diversity indices than agronomic traits. Core components including caffeine, EGCG and ECG exhibited relatively high genetic stability, whereas rare secondary metabolites such as methylated catechins and theogallin showed abundant variation, granting them great potential for breeding elite germplasm with unique traits. GT-AS-41, with a high weighted grey relational degree of 0.71, is characterized by extra-early sprouting, highly cold resistance and relatively high theanine content, showing great potential for breeding new high-quality extra-early-sprouting tea cultivars.

Key words: Camellia sinensis L., cold resistance, phenological stage, caffeine, principal component analysis, grey relational analysis

YANG Chun, LIANG SiHui, WANG AnRan, GUO Yan, QIAO DaHe, CHEN Juan, MI XiaoZeng, LI Yan, LIN KaiQin, CHEN ZhengWu. Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Agronomic Traits and Biochemical Components in 128 Tea Germplasm[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(21): 4937-4956.

Figures/Tables 15

Table 1

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Table 2

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Table 3

Key agronomic traits and biochemical components of tea germplasm from different groups"

性状 Traits	类群Group
性状 Traits	Ⅰ（n=46）	Ⅱ（n=14）	Ⅲ（n=18）	Ⅳ（n=2）	Ⅴ（n=12）	Ⅵ（n=6）	Ⅶ（n=30）
冻害指数Freezing injury index	32.24±20.80a	18.87±14.67a	30.26±18.57a	25.00	19.39±12.83a	29.75±24.05a	18.96±14.67a
一芽三叶长 Length of one bud with three leaves (cm)	5.25±0.98c	6.03±0.63b	7.49±0.98a	5.62	5.66±1.04bc	6.29±1.03b	5.72±0.76bc
一芽三叶百芽重 Weight of 100 one bud with three leaves (g)	31.25±9.57c	32.12±3.85bc	47.58±10.81a	32.99	34.81±11.53bc	39.39±12.54b	35.03±9.39bc
芽叶颜色Young shoot colour	3.30±0.47cd	3.86±0.36ab	4.06±0.54ab	3.50	3.25±0.45d	3.67±0.52bc	4.17±0.59a
芽叶茸毛Young shoot pubescence	3.30±0.70b	2.71±0.73c	3.22±0.55bc	2.50	4.08±0.90a	3.67±0.52ab	3.23±0.73bc
一芽一叶期One-bud-one-leaf stage (d)	20.22±3.26c	28.36±5.40a	24.22±4.48b	18.00	13.92±5.14d	26.67±6.89ab	19.47±5.22c
3-没食子酰基奎宁酸TH (%)	1.68±0.25b	1.58±0.36b	1.58±0.31b	1.50	2.10±0.26a	2.09±0.16a	1.83±0.51ab
可可碱TB (%)	0.41±0.22b	0.50±0.27ab	0.36±0.17b	0.49	0.50±0.17ab	0.61±0.07a	0.53±0.27ab
咖啡碱CAF (%)	3.44±0.46b	4.05±0.35a	3.95±0.46a	4.23	3.54±0.44b	4.23±0.39a	3.60±0.39b
没食子酸GA (%)	0.03±0.02bc	0.02±0.01c	0.03±0.01bc	0.02	0.10±0.05a	0.04±0.02bc	0.04±0.02b
没食子儿茶素GC (%)	0.32±0.09bc	0.27±0.05c	0.31±0.06bc	1.09	0.31±0.14bc	0.35±0.10b	0.49±0.12a
表没食子儿茶素EGC (%)	0.97±0.32c	1.33±0.31b	1.89±0.44a	1.17	1.38±0.47b	1.33±0.42b	1.38±0.51b
儿茶素C (%)	0.17±0.10abc	0.10±0.05c	0.16±0.09bc	0.38	0.13±0.03bc	0.19±0.06ab	0.25±0.15a
表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯EGCG (%)	7.58±0.98c	9.43±0.88b	9.38±1.26b	9.77	7.55±1.34c	10.43±1.35a	9.23±1.18b
表儿茶素EC (%)	0.51±0.14c	0.50±0.13c	0.75±0.15ab	0.82	0.90±0.38a	0.46±0.19c	0.67±0.24b
没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯GCG (%)	0.18±0.08b	0.20±0.06ab	0.23±0.09ab	1.16	0.17±0.05b	0.25±0.12a	0.19±0.09ab
表儿茶素没食子酸酯ECG (%)	1.89±0.39d	1.83±0.20d	1.96±0.26cd	1.57	2.47±0.44a	2.19±0.43bc	2.26±0.31ab
表没食子儿茶素3-O-(3-O-甲基)没食子酸酯EGCG3"Me (%)	0.35±0.32b	0.26±0.23b	0.64±0.48a	1.13	0.24±0.32b	0.21±0.36b	0.27±0.35b
1,2,6-三没食子酰葡萄糖1,2,6-TGGP (%)	0.32±0.19bc	0.18±0.12c	0.20±0.12c	0.56	0.42±0.24b	1.91±0.86a	0.31±0.18bc
茶氨酸L-theanine (%)	2.68±0.63a	1.61±0.50c	2.06±0.57b	2.27	2.27±0.57b	1.91±0.65bc	2.15±0.40b

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性状类别 Traits type	性状 Trait	极小值Minimum value	极大值 Maximum value	平均值 Mean value	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)	遗传多样性指数H′ Genetic diversity index
农艺性状 Agronomic traits	冻害指数Freezing injury index	0.00	82.50	25.95	18.63	71.78	1.94
	一芽三叶长 Length of one bud with three leaves (cm)	3.29	8.97	5.86	1.15	19.56	2.03
	一芽三叶百芽重 Weight of 100 one bud with three leaves (g)	12.69	68.33	35.27	10.83	30.72	1.99
	芽叶颜色Young shoot colour	3.00	5.00	3.69	0.62	16.93	0.92
	芽叶茸毛Young shoot pubescence	1.00	5.00	3.29	0.76	23.26	1.15
	一芽一叶期One-bud-one-leaf stage (d)	4.00	34.00	21.17	5.87	27.71	1.73
平均值Mean value						31.66	1.63
生化性状 Biochemical traits	3-没食子酰基奎宁酸TH (%)	0.85	2.90	1.75	0.38	21.68	2.07
	可可碱TB (%)	0.07	1.18	0.46	0.23	49.97	2.01
	咖啡碱CAF (%)	2.48	5.02	3.67	0.49	13.33	2.06
	没食子酸GA (%)	0.01	0.19	0.04	0.03	77.85	1.56
	没食子儿茶素GC (%)	0.04	1.10	0.36	0.15	42.16	1.86
	表没食子儿茶素EGC (%)	0.38	2.85	1.30	0.50	38.42	2.01
	儿茶素C (%)	0.03	0.79	0.18	0.11	62.63	1.86
	表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯EGCG (%)	5.26	12.30	8.59	1.45	16.84	2.08
	表儿茶素EC (%)	0.14	1.60	0.62	0.24	38.18	1.90
	没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯GCG (%)	0.00	1.17	0.21	0.15	69.54	1.42
	表儿茶素没食子酸酯ECG (%)	1.05	3.06	2.05	0.40	19.56	2.04
	表没食子儿茶素3-O-(3-O-甲基)没食子酸酯EGCG3"Me (%)	0.00	1.46	0.36	0.37	104.44	1.65
	1,2,6-三没食子酰葡萄糖1,2,6-TGGP (%)	0.00	3.38	0.37	0.42	114.10	1.43
	茶氨酸L-theanine (%)	0.96	4.18	2.27	0.65	28.47	2.05
平均值Mean value						49.80	1.86

性状 Traits	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis	柯尔莫戈洛夫-斯米诺夫检验 Kolmogorov-Smirnova test
冻害指数Freezing injury index	0.68	-0.14	0.00
一芽三叶长Length of one bud with three leaves	0.33	0.03	0.20+
一芽三叶百芽重Weight of 100 one bud with three leaves	0.75	0.81	0.00
芽叶颜色Young shoot colour	0.34	-0.65	0.00
芽叶茸毛Young shoot pubescence	-0.01	0.10	0.00
一芽一叶期One-bud-one-leaf stage	-0.10	1.43	0.00
3-没食子酰基奎宁酸TH	0.37	0.41	0.20+
可可碱TB	0.85	0.80	0.02
咖啡碱CAF	0.32	0.05	0.20+
没食子酸GA	2.23	5.90	0.00
没食子儿茶素GC	1.96	7.13	0.00
表没食子儿茶素EGC	0.60	-0.13	0.00
儿茶素C	1.99	6.82	0.00
表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯EGCG	0.15	-0.38	0.20+
表儿茶素EC	1.32	2.98	0.00
没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯GCG	4.65	27.85	0.00
表儿茶素没食子酸酯ECG	0.27	-0.01	0.20+
表没食子儿茶素3-O-(3-O-甲基)没食子酸酯EGCG3"Me	0.89	-0.07	0.00
1,2,6-三没食子酰葡萄糖1,2,6-TGGP	4.31	23.98	0.00
茶氨酸L-theanine	0.43	0.33	0.20+

优异类别 Excellent category	鉴选标准 Selection criteria	数量 Number	种质名称 Name
强耐寒性 High cold resistance	冻害指数≤10 Freezing injury index≤10	32	GT-AS-96、GT-AS-41、GT-AS-47、GT-AS-94、GT-AS-55、GT-AS-60、GT-AS-81、GT-BJ-16、GT-DY-15、GT-DY-17、GT-DY-18、GT-DY-05、GT-DY-19、GT-DY-21、GT-DY-08、GT-DY-26、GT-DZ-15、GT-DZ-24、GT-DZ-19、GT-DZ-23、MP2、FY、GT-GY-05、GT-GY-07、GT-LP-05、GT-LP-16、GT-LP-29、GT-LP-08、GT-LPS-03、GT-LPS-16、HJY-F1-103、HJY-F1-55
特早生 Extra-early sprouting	一芽一叶期较福鼎大白茶早10 d One-bud-one-leaf stage was 10 d earlier than Fuding Dabaicha	4	GT-AS-19、GT-AS-38、GT-AS-41、JAL1
高咖啡碱 High CAF	≥5.0%	1	GT-LPS-03
高茶氨酸 High L-theanine	≥3.0%	18	GT-LP-13、GT-LP-01、GT-BJ-13、GT-LPS-17、GT-LPS-06、GT-DY-24、GT-AS-72、GT-LP-15、GT-BJ-12、NW2、GT-LP-16、MP2、GT-LP-29、GT-DY-07、GT-AS-02、GT-DY-23、GT-LP-14、HJY-F1-54
高1,2,6-TGGP High 1,2,6-TGGP	≥3.0%	1	GT-AS-10

主成分Principal component	特征值Eigenvalues	贡献率Contribution rate (%)	累计贡献率Accumulative contribution rate (%)
1	3.59	17.95	17.95
2	2.45	12.23	30.18
3	2.27	11.37	41.55
4	1.80	8.98	50.53
5	1.39	6.95	57.48
6	1.30	6.50	63.98
7	1.07	5.37	69.35

Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Agronomic Traits and Biochemical Components in 128 Tea Germplasm

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