甘蓝型冬油菜越冬期矮生长点形态建成及多激素调控机制

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.05.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to clarify the mechanism of plant hormones on the morphology of growth point and their response to cold resistance of Brassica napus, to provide a theoretical basis for breeding winter Brassica napus varieties, expanding its planting area, and increasing yield per unit.【Method】 Using 9 rapeseed varieties with distinct winter hardiness as experimental materials, a two year (2023-2025) consecutive field identification of overwintering rate was conducted in Qingyang, Gansu Province. Mid-November samplings were used to quantify shoot to root ratio, growth point height and additional phenotypic indicators of overwintering potential. Paraffin sectioning and trypan-blue/nitroblue tetrazolium staining were used to visualize growth cone morphology, cell death, and superoxide accumulation to evaluate the cold tolerance of different cultivars. Growth point of three representative genotypes that span the full range of cold hardiness (NTS309>Tianyou 14>Qinzao 1) were simultaneously analysed by targeted LC-MS/MS targeted phytohormone profiling and RNA-seq. PCA and O2PLS integrative analyses of the metabolome and transcriptome, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the differences in growth point height among these varieties were systematically analyzed.【Result】 The results showed the following: Significant differences were observed among cultivars in overwintering rate, root collar diameter, dry weight, root/shoot ratio, and height of the growing point. Strong cold-tolerant varieties, less reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fewer dead cells observed following cold stress, accompanied by a lower proportion of cells damaged by low temperature, the opposite was true for weak cold-tolerant varieties. Statistical analysis revealed that the overwintering rate was extremely significantly and negatively correlated with growth point height (correlation coefficient r=-0.972, P<0.001). Rapeseed varieties with strong cold-tolerance (e.g., NTS309) which exhibited an overwintering rate exceeding 70%, had a relatively lower growth point height (approximately 3 cm), additionally, the height of the growth cone (observed in paraffin sections) was only 161.5 μm. In contrast, varieties with weak cold-tolerance (e.g., Qinzao 1) had growth points that protruded above the soil surface (approximately 5 cm), and their growth cone measured approximately 252.9 μm in height. Integrated analysis of hormone metabolomics and transcriptomics data revealed that the height of rapeseed growth point is regulated by a multi-dimensional regulatory network involving the phytohormones IAA, CKs, GA, JA and ABA. In strong cold-tolerant varieties, the levels of free IAA, conjugated IAA, JA-Ile, GA19, and ABA-GE were significantly up-regulated, whereas those of iP9G, mT9G, and BAP9G were significantly down-regulated. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between strong and weak cold-tolerant varieties were significantly enriched in pathways including “tryptophan metabolism”, “zeatin biosynthesis”, “plant hormone signal transduction”, and “α-linolenic acid metabolism”. The orthogonal partial least squares (O2PLS) model indicated that metabolites including IAA-Glu, tZR, and JA-Ile exhibited strong covariance with transcriptional modules, these interactions collectively form a hormone-transcription factor-metabolite feedback loop, which exerts three key regulatory effects: inhibiting cell elongation, promoting meristem dormancy and reducing the height of growth cone and growth points. Ultimately, this regulatory loop enhances the defense capacity of rapeseed against low-temperature freezing damage.【Conclusion】 This study is the first to confirm that the “dwarf growth point” of rapeseed is a key morphological marker for overwintering survival, and its formation is finely regulated by a multi-hormone network.

Key words: winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), plant hormone, growth point, growth cone, cold resistance

LIU HaiQing, JIN JiaoJiao, SUN WanCang, CHAI Peng, QI WeiLiang, YANG Gang, LI Chan, LUO XueMei, SU YunYun, QIN XueXue. Morphogenesis of the Low-Growth Point and Its Multi-Hormonal Regulatory Mechanism During Overwintering in Winter Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(5): 951-966.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Table 3

Analysis of endogenous hormone contents in different winter cultivars of rapeseed"

缩略词Index	化合物 Compounds	类别 Class	NTS309	天油14号 Tianyou 14	秦早1号 Qinzao 1	P值 P value
IAA	吲哚-3-乙酸Indole-3-acetic acid	生长素Auxin	24.37±0.56a	17.49±0.19b	28.34±3.34a	0.021
IAA-Glu	吲哚乙酸-谷氨酸Indole-3-acetyl glutamic acid	生长素Auxin	1.79±0.17a	0.38±0.04b	1.58±0.15a	<0.001
MEIAA	吲哚-3-乙酸甲酯Methyl indole-3-acetate	生长Auxin	285.43±30.95a	82.37±14.75b	276.44±18.63a	0.001
IAM	3-吲哚乙酰胺3-Indole acetamide	生长素Auxin	85.23±9.41a	22.91 ±2.23c	55.20±5.32b	0.001
IAN	吲哚-3-乙腈3-Indoleacetonitrile	生长素Auxin	1796.08±69.00a	611.95±67.05b	1597.89±93.47a	<0.001
ICA	吲哚-3-甲酸Indole-3-carboxylic acid	生长素Auxin	45.63±2.15a	22.72±0.56b	22.11±0.48b	<0.001
ICAld	吲哚-3-甲醛Indole-3-carboxaldehyde	生长素Auxin	156.42±24.31a	59.26 ±4.07b	108.93±8.58ab	0.011
IPA	3-吲哚丙酸3-Indolepropionic acid	生长素Auxin	0.00±0.00b	0.55±0.03a	0.00±0.00b	<0.001
tZR	玉米素核苷Trans-Zeatin riboside	细胞分裂素CK	2.27±0.15a	1.60±0.15b	0.40±0.03c	<0.001
BAP9G	6-苄氨基-9-(Α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)呤 N6-Benzyladenine-9-glucoside	细胞分裂素CK	0.00±0.00b	0.11±0.01a	0.11±0.01a	<0.001
mT9G	3-[[(9-BETA-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-9H-嘌呤-6-基)氨基]甲基]苯酚meta-Topolin-9-glucoside	细胞分裂素CK	0.00±0.00b	0.26±0.04a	0.32±0.05a	0.002
iP9G	异戊烯腺嘌呤-9-葡糖苷N6-Isopentenyl-adenine-9-glucoside	细胞分裂素CK	0.00±0.00c	1.71±0.20b	4.40±0.34a	<0.001
GA19	赤霉素19 Gibberellin A19	赤霉素GA	0.73±0.12a	0.00±0.00b	0.00±0.00b	<0.001
JA	茉莉酸Jasmonic acid	茉莉酸JA	100.61±8.17a	37.79±2.67b	36.24±4.34b	<0.001
OPC-4	氧化戊烯基环戊烷丁酸 3-oxo-2-(2-(Z)-Pentenyl) cyclopentane-1-butyric acid	茉莉酸JA	45.98±3.93a	12.21±0.70b	18.33±1.96b	<0.001
JA-ILE	茉莉酸-异亮氨酸Jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine	茉莉酸JA	8.09±0.71a	4.56±0.05b	0.00±0.00c	<0.001
MeJA	茉莉酸甲酯Methyl jasmonate	茉莉酸JA	2.84±0.08a	0.00±0.00b	0.00±0.00b	<0.001
JA-Val	茉莉酸-缬氨酸N-[(-)-Jasmonoyl]-(L)-valine	茉莉酸JA	0.11±0.004a	0.00±0.00b	0.00±0.00b	<0.001
ABA-GE	脱落酸葡萄糖酯ABA-glucosyl ester	脱落酸ABA	21.61±1.07a	0.00±0b	0.00±0b	<0.001

Table 3

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序号No	品种（系）Varieties (Lines)	冬性Winterness	选育单位Source
1	GAU30	强冬性Strong winterness	甘肃农业大学Gansu Agricultural University
2	NTS309	强冬性Strong winterness	甘肃农业大学Gansu Agricultural University
3	GAU24	强冬性Strong winterness	甘肃农业大学Gansu Agricultural University
4	16-2444	强冬性Strong winterness	甘肃农业大学Gansu Agricultural University
5	天油14号Tianyou 14	冬性Winterness	天水市农业科学研究所Tianshui Agricultural Science Research Institute
6	天油2238 Tianyou 2238	冬性Winterness	天水市农业科学研究所Tianshui Agricultural Science Research Institute
7	天油2288 Tianyou 2288	冬性Winterness	天水市农业科学研究所Tianshui Agricultural Science Research Institute
8	甘杂9号Ganza 9	弱冬性Weak winterness	西北农林科技大学Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University
9	秦早1号Qinzao 1	弱冬性Weak winterness	陕西省杂交油菜中心Shaanxi Hybrid Rapeseed Center

品种 Varieties	越冬率 Overwintering rate (%)	根颈直径 Collar diameter (mm)	干重 Dry weight (g)	根/冠 Root/crown	生长点高度 The height of growth point (cm)
GAU30	75.00±3.06a	26.38±0.20ab	63.84±6.07ab	0.15±0.02ab	3.17±0.18de
NTS309	74.00±2.31a	27.40±1.49ab	67.41±8.99ab	0.15±0.03ab	3.07±0.25e
GAU24	73.67±2.33a	25.63±1.59b	71.41±2.93ab	0.14±0.03ab	3.27±0.14 cde
16-2444	74.33±2.19a	25.61±1.94b	52.65±6.68b	0.20±0.03a	3.13±0.29de
天油14号Tianyou 14	65.00±3.21b	27.01±0.85ab	80.82±4.53a	0.16±0.04ab	4.06±0.12abc
天油2238 Tianyou 2238	61.67±2.19b	23.20±2.06bc	75.17±10.94ab	0.12±0.01ab	3.96±0.06bcd
天油2288 Tianyou 2288	64.00±2.08b	19.04±0.97c	50.54±8.15b	0.11±0.01b	4.14±0.57ab
甘杂9号Ganza 9	57.00±2.53bc	25.77±0.40b	57.16±4.03ab	0.14±0.01ab	4.75±0.17ab
秦旱1号Qinzao 1	49.67±2.60c	30.65±1.96a	63.80±2.41ab	0.10±0.000b	4.89±0.25a
与越冬率的相关性 The correlation with overwintering rate	1	-0.191(P=0.622)	0.012 (P=0.976)	0.677* (P=0.045)	-0.972** (P<0.001)

Morphogenesis of the Low-Growth Point and Its Multi-Hormonal Regulatory Mechanism During Overwintering in Winter Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

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