Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (8): 1608-1621.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.08.002

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Evaluation of Drought Resistance of 396 Spring Wheat Varieties at Grain Filling Stage and Maturity Stage

WANG XiaoWei1,2(), DU FoLi1,2, YAN HongCai1,2, LANG ZhengDong1,2, DANG ZhiJuan1,2, LI BaoChun2,3, WANG JunCheng1,2, MA XiaoLe1,2, WANG HuaJun1,2, ZHANG Hong1,2, YAO LiRong1,2,*()   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070
    2 State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070
    3 College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070
  • Received:2025-11-04 Accepted:2025-12-15 Online:2026-04-21 Published:2026-04-21
  • Contact: YAO LiRong

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Abstract:

【Objective】Drought is one of the key factors causing wheat yield reduction, and developing wheat germplasm with strong drought resistance is a major challenge in current wheat breeding. Spring wheat plays a crucial role in safeguarding national food security. Clarifying the drought resistance of spring wheat germplasm will provide a basis for the exploration of drought resistant genes and drought germplasm innovation in spring wheat.【Method】In this study, a total of 396 spring wheat varieties (lines) treated with drought stress were used to determine the relative water content of leaves, chlorophyll content and leaf area index et al during the grain filling stage, and also measure plant height, spike length, and effective tillers et al in the maturity stage, the drought resistance coefficient of each index was calculated. A comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance for each spring wheat variety (line) was conducted based on descriptive statistics, principal component analysis, membership function method, cluster analysis and correlation analysis. 【Result】Compared with the normal irrigation conditions, all indices of each spring wheat variety in the grain filling stage and maturity stage decreased under drought stress. Among them, plot yield, leaf area index, and biomass showed higher decreases, while chlorophyll content, spike length, and relative water content of leaves exhibited the lower decreases. Significant differences were observed in drought resistance among the different varieties (lines). Under drought stress, the variation coefficient of each relevant index ranged from 6% to 34%, while the variation coefficient of each index ranged from 5% to 34% under normal irrigation condition. Principal component analysis was performed on the drought resistance coefficients of 4 indices at the grain filling stage and 8 indices at the maturity stage, 6 principal components were extracted with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 78.07%. The comprehensive drought resistance coefficient (D value) was calculated using the membership function value, and cluster analysis was conducted based on the D value to classify the 396 spring wheat varieties (lines) into 5 categories, followed by inter-group variance analysis, we found that the spring wheat varieties (lines) with strong drought resistance showed the highest plot yield, and it had the lowest decrease. Meanwhile, correlation analysis between the D value and the drought resistance coefficients of 12 indices revealed that the number of spikelets, biomass, flag leaf area, and effective tillers were considered as the effective comprehensive evaluation indices for spring wheat drought resistance identification. In addition, there were highly significant positive correlations between the relative water content of leaves and plant height, effective tillers, number of spikelets, biomass, the internode length below spike and plot yield, the chlorophyll content exhibited a highly significant correlations with 1000-grain weight, and flag leaf area had a remarkable positive correlations with spike length and 1000-grain weight under normal irrigation conditions. However, under drought stress, there were highly significant positive correlations between the relative water content of leaves and biomass, plot yield and 1000-grain weight, the flag leaf area had a remarkable positive correlations with spike length and biomass. Which indicated a close relationship between drought resistance indices in the grain filling stage and key agronomic indices in the maturity stage for spring wheat. 【Conclusion】There were 20 spring wheat germplasm resources with strong drought resistance that were selected in this study, which showed the highest yield and the lowest yield reduction under drought stress, and the number of spikes, biomass, flag leaf area, and effective tillers could be considered as the effective comprehensive evaluation indices for spring wheat drought resistance identification.

Key words: spring wheat, drought resistance, relative water content of leaves, comprehensive evaluation, principal component analysis

Fig. 1

Experimental site schematic and rainfall statistics A: Schematic diagram of the experimental site; B: Rainfall statistics from March to July 2024-2025"

Table 1

Analysis of differences in 12 indicators among 396 spring wheat varieties"

处理 Treatment 指标 Index 最小值 Min 最大值 Max 平均值 Mean 标准差 SD 变异系数 CV (%)
正常灌水
Normal irrigation		 叶片相对含水量RWC 0.64 0.92 0.82 0.05 6
叶绿素含量SPAD 45.50 64.40 56.66 2.90 5
叶面积指数LAI 1.50 4.74 2.97 0.52 18
旗叶面积FLA (cm2) 15.87 61.51 30.14 7.08 23
株高PH (cm) 54.33 118.67 79.26 7.29 9
穗长SL (cm) 7.43 12.50 9.89 0.91 9
有效分蘖ETN 1.33 6.33 3.30 0.75 23
小穗数SN 22.67 89.33 46.44 11.08 24
生物量BM (g) 5.33 45.33 17.79 6.07 34
穗下茎长ILBS (cm) 44.50 109.83 69.36 7.30 11
小区产量PY (g) 186.00 521.10 329.38 59.41 18
千粒重TGW (g) 32.40 57.40 46.70 3.90 8
干旱胁迫
Drought stress		 叶片相对含水量RWC 0.20 0.98 0.74 0.09 12
叶绿素含量SPAD 47.70 65.80 56.09 3.10 6
叶面积指数LAI 0.34 3.31 1.35 0.44 33
旗叶面积FLA (cm2) 10.34 60.31 18.93 5.02 27
株高PH (cm) 44.67 83.67 65.05 6.41 10
穗长SL (cm) 6.67 12.10 9.20 0.92 10
有效分蘖ETN 1.00 4.00 2.63 0.62 24
小穗数SN 12.67 60.00 34.58 8.87 26
生物量BM (g) 2.67 22.33 9.53 3.21 34
穗下茎长ILBS (cm) 30.50 73.00 55.76 6.49 12
小区产量PY (g) 77.00 361.00 165.09 46.60 28
千粒重TGW (g) 22.40 49.80 36.30 4.53 12

Table 2

Correlation analysis of grain filling stage indicators"

处理 Treatment 指标 Index 叶片相对含水量 RWC 叶绿素含量 SPAD 叶面积指数 LAI
正常灌水
Normal irrigation		 叶绿素含量SPAD 0.09
叶面积指数LAI -0.04 -0.70**
旗叶面积FLA 0.17** -0.13** 0.25**
干旱胁迫
Drought stress		 叶绿素含量SPAD 0.10*
叶面积指数LAI 0.21** 0.08
旗叶面积FLA 0.03 0.22** 0.41**

Fig. 2

Principal component scatter plot of drought resistance coefficients of spring wheat"

Table 3

Load coefficients and cumulative contribution rates of comprehensive indicators of spring wheat under different water conditions"

指标
Index		 因子载荷Factor loading
PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6
叶片相对含水量RWC -0.01 -0.13 0.55 -0.51 -0.33 -0.14
叶绿素含量SPAD 0.06 -0.15 0.32 0.38 0.71 0.19
叶面积指数LAI 0.19 0.11 0.21 0.65 -0.28 0.06
旗叶面积FLA 0.17 0.11 0.68 0.31 0.21 -0.03
株高PH 0.43 0.87 0.01 -0.10 0.05 0.04
穗长SL 0.42 -0.10 0.26 0.11 -0.04 -0.46
有效分蘖ETN 0.85 -0.29 -0.16 -0.05 0.07 0.08
小穗数SN 0.91 -0.26 -0.10 -0.04 0.08 -0.01
生物量BM 0.84 -0.21 0.02 -0.17 -0.02 -0.02
穗下茎长ILBS 0.37 0.90 -0.01 -0.12 0.06 0.11
小区产量PY 0.12 -0.19 0.01 0.01 -0.39 0.79
千粒重TGW -0.14 -0.05 0.54 -0.43 0.37 0.26
方差贡献率Variance contribution rate (%) 24.00 15.91 11.00 9.99 8.88 8.27
累计方差贡献率Cumulative variance contribution rate (%) 24.00 39.91 50.91 60.91 69.80 78.07

Fig. 3

Cluster map of different drought resistance of 396 spring wheat varieties Ⅰ: Strong resistant group; Ⅱ: Resistant group; Ⅲ: Weak resistance group; Ⅳ: Drought sensitive group; Ⅴ: Highly drought sensitive group"

Fig. 4

Analysis of differences in plot yields of spring wheat with different drought resistance levels"

Fig. 5

Comparative analysis of drought resistance coefficients of different drought resistant spring wheat germplasm indicators Different letters indicated that the same index had significant difference in spring wheat materials of different drought resistance grades (P<0.05)"

Fig. 6

The correlation coefficients between the drought resistance coefficients of various indices in spring wheat and the comprehensive drought resistance coefficient (D value)"

Table 4

Correlation analysis between grain filling stage indices and maturity stage indices in spring wheat"

处理
Treatment		 指标
Index		 叶片相对含水量
RWC		 叶绿素含量
SPAD		 叶面积指数
LAI		 旗叶面积
FLA
正常灌水
Normal irrigation
 株高PH 0.15** -0.10* 0.12* -0.05
穗长SL -0.03 0.04 0.09 0.34**
有效分蘖ETN 0.29** 0.06 -0.04 -0.11*
小穗数SN 0.28** 0.10 0.01 -0.02
生物量BM 0.46** 0.11* 0.07 0.11*
穗下茎长ILBS 0.15** -0.11* 0.11* -0.10
小区产量PY 0.14** -0.11* 0.02 0.06
千粒重TGW 0.12* 0.15** -0.01 0.16**
干旱胁迫
Drought stress		 株高PH 0.12* -0.01 0.16** 0.10
穗长SL 0.10* 0.08 0.11* 0.25**
有效分蘖ETN 0.01 0.10* 0.21** -0.01
小穗数SN 0.05 0.13* 0.21** 0.05
生物量BM 0.13** 0.07 0.19** 0.14**
穗下茎长ILBS 0.10* -0.03 0.16** 0.08
小区产量PY 0.17** 0.06 0.14** 0.02
千粒重TGW 0.33** 0.06 0.04 0.07
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