2006—2022年北方白菜型冬油菜农艺性状遗传增益分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.11.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Based on the experimental results from 2006 to 2022 of 81 winter turnip rape varieties across eight representative ecological zones (extremely arid, arid, and semi-arid regions) including Jiuquan, Zhangye, Wuwei, Lanzhou, Qingyang, Pingliang, Tianshui, and Longxi. The objective was to investigate the evolution of agronomic traits, to offer insights for breeding research and the cultivation of winter rapeseed in northern China. 【Method】 The tested varieties were classified into strong cold tolerant and moderately cold tolerant. The major agronomic traits were subjected to genetic gain analysis, correlation analysis, path analysis, and principal component analysis. The results illustrate, significant enhancements in the agronomic characteristics of northern winter rapeseed over the 17-year period.【Result】 For the strong cold tolerant varieties, plant height, branching position, number of branches, number of siliques per plant, and yield per plant showed a gradual increase, with an average annual increase of 0.87%, 1.07%, 0.0837%, 6.09%, and 0.0281%, respectively. The number of siliques and 1000-grain weight showed a downward trend, with average annual decrease of 0.0289% and 0.012%, respectively. For moderately cold tolerant variety, plant height, branching position, number of branches, number of siliques per plant, and yield per plant also increased, with average annual increase of 2.18%, 2.19%, 1.27%, 0.117%, and 0.0776%, respectively. The number of branches and 1000-grain weight decreased, with average annual decrease of 0.109% and 0.00702%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed a highly significant positive correlation between yield per plant and the number of siliques per plant. Path analysis of agronomic traits and yield per plant revealed that for the strong cold tolerant varieties, the number of siliques per plant (0.961) contributed most to seed yield per plant, followed by the seeds per silique (0.365). The largest contribution of cold tolerant varieties to the yield per plant was the branch position (1.173), followed by the number of siliques per plant (0.544). Path analysis of yield per plant and climatic factors showed that strong cold tolerant varieties were greatly affected by accumulated temperature of 10 °C, while cold-resistant varieties were greatly affected by negative accumulated temperature of 0 °C. Principal component analysis (PCA) screened out three principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 78.617% of the overall variance, among which the number of siliques per plant, branch position, and 1000-grain weight were the main factors causing the differences among these varieties.【Conclusion】 Substantial advancements have been achieved in the genetic enhancement breeding of agronomic characteristics of winter rapeseed in northern China. The yield per plant has been steadily increasing. The plant type has also been greatly improved. The number of siliques per plant was the main factor to increase the yield of Brassica rapa L.. The adaptability of strong cold tolerant varieties to the external environment surpasses that of moderately cold tolerant varieties.

Key words: Brassica rapa L., agronomic traits, law of evolution, path analysis, principal component analysis

ZHANG TianYu, LIU LiJun, YANG Gang, WU JunYan, PU YuanYuan, MA Li, WANG WangTian, LU XiaoMing, MA YuanQiang, SUN WanCang. Genetic Gain Analysis of Agronomic Traits of Brassica rapa L. in Northern China from 2006 to 2022[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(11): 2081-2095.

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Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Coefficient of variation of main agronomic traits of Brassica rapa L. in 2006-2022"

品种类型 Breed type	年份 Year	株高 Plant height (cm)	分枝部位Branch location (cm)	分枝数 No. of branches	单株角果数 No. of siliques per plant	角果粒数 No. of siliques	千粒重 Thousand grain weight (g)	单株产量 Single plant yield (g)
强抗寒性品种 Strong cold resistant varieties	2006	105.10	7.00	13.10	158.10	21.80	3.00	8.30
	2007	124.20	26.00	10.85	197.60	22.89	3.10	12.45
	2008	122.32	20.68	13.63	188.35	26.50	2.82	11.40
	2009	109.75	7.53	10.50	144.75	22.25	2.87	6.07
	2010	109.60	7.53	10.58	144.68	22.25	2.88	6.08
	2011	106.05	6.60	11.08	190.25	24.13	2.75	9.92
	2012	93.00	15.50	8.48	164.25	21.25	3.13	11.88
	2013	114.36	19.68	11.93	187.51	19.67	2.97	9.06
	2014	127.30	32.41	11.16	178.37	23.79	2.73	10.39
	2015	143.25	49.09	10.10	189.73	18.99	3.06	9.24
	2016	120.20	30.22	10.99	158.66	24.07	2.74	9.98
	2017	125.38	21.99	9.48	203.33	23.33	2.46	8.85
	2018	101.07	20.09	13.24	272.60	18.83	2.59	12.82
	2019	138.31	29.54	9.78	262.56	24.24	2.44	17.59
	2020	122.79	26.90	11.80	197.51	22.65	3.00	11.76
	2021	123.81	29.03	13.99	227.98	23.06	2.92	11.26
	2022	118.23	20.85	15.32	294.09	23.21	3.01	13.67
	平均数Average	117.92	21.80	11.53	197.67	22.52	2.85	10.63
	最大值Maximum	143.25	49.09	15.32	294.09	26.50	3.13	17.59
	最小值Minimum	93.00	6.60	8.48	144.68	18.83	2.44	6.07
	标准差STDEV	12.95	11.16	1.81	43.71	1.99	0.21	2.80
	变异系数CV (%)	10.98	51.17	15.66	22.11	8.84	7.33	26.31
一般抗寒性品种 General cold resistant varieties	2006	90.10	9.90	16.30	249.40	20.60	3.00	12.50
	2007	124.20	29.75	11.40	249.10	24.50	2.72	16.09
	2008	105.18	13.30	12.35	224.70	17.01	3.31	12.82
	2009	107.00	4.10	11.00	225.00	23.40	2.81	10.17
	2010	106.90	4.16	11.10	224.94	23.40	2.82	10.23
	2011	101.44	6.92	12.25	184.11	24.55	2.68	8.18
	2012	87.50	5.67	10.15	163.50	21.03	3.07	12.94
	2013	109.53	19.35	19.98	257.33	21.55	3.06	14.42
	2014	125.22	36.22	11.44	200.84	20.92	2.64	11.37
	2015	139.50	48.71	9.46	179.44	20.08	2.82	9.05
	2016	119.82	33.53	12.25	158.43	22.53	2.60	8.21
	2017	133.09	42.44	8.21	184.24	23.94	2.52	9.26
	2018	100.49	21.60	12.90	288.24	20.05	2.64	14.99
	2019	138.42	39.37	8.77	267.48	25.11	2.76	15.55
	2020	166.55	70.80	8.95	230.50	24.20	3.16	13.80
	2021	125.55	30.56	16.76	269.08	22.13	2.95	13.32
	2022	114.02	22.99	11.42	245.03	23.92	2.88	13.86
	平均数Average	117.32	25.84	12.04	223.61	22.29	2.85	12.16
	最大值Maximum	166.55	70.80	19.98	288.24	25.11	3.31	16.09
	最小值Minimum	87.50	4.10	8.21	158.43	17.01	2.52	8.18
	标准差STDEV	19.99	18.36	3.09	39.19	2.15	0.22	2.57
	变异系数CV (%)	17.04	71.05	25.65	17.53	9.66	7.59	21.16

Table 1

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Table 2

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Table 5

Fig. 4

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性状 Characteristics	抗寒类型 Cold-resistant type	广义遗传力 Generalized heritability (%)	遗传增益 Genetic gains (%)
性状 Characteristics	抗寒类型 Cold-resistant type	广义遗传力 Generalized heritability (%)	2006-2022	2006-2010	2011-2016	2017-2022
株高 Plant height (cm)	强抗寒性Strong cold resistance	22.20	18.22	4.22	62.84	-7.30
株高 Plant height (cm)	一般抗寒性General cold resistance	15.60	36.87	35.37	57.34	17.89
分枝部位 Branch location (cm)	强抗寒性Strong cold resistance	12.50	10.82	-1.01	59.05	-19.52
分枝部位 Branch location (cm)	一般抗寒性General cold resistance	19.90	27.4	-11.85	105.89	-11.82
分枝数 No. of branches	强抗寒性Strong cold resistance	54.70	7.58	-22.15	-0.89	39.42
分枝数 No. of branches	一般抗寒性General cold resistance	42.50	1.31	-34.43	-0.04	38.39
单株角果数 No. of siliques per plant	强抗寒性Strong cold resistance	36.80	312.77	236.62	-232.50	830.60
单株角果数 No. of siliques per plant	一般抗寒性General cold resistance	24.60	32.27	-321.24	-126.35	544.41
角粒数 No. of siliques	强抗寒性Strong cold resistance	18.20	1.60	8.46	-0.21	-2.60
角粒数 No. of siliques	一般抗寒性General cold resistance	37.10	3.78	29.31	-15.00	-2.97
千粒重 Thousand grain weight (g)	强抗寒性Strong cold resistance	72.40	0.07	-3.66	-0.18	3.37
千粒重 Thousand grain weight (g)	一般抗寒性General cold resistance	81.10	-0.27	-5.22	-1.28	5.69
单株产量 Single plant yield (g)	强抗寒性Strong cold resistance	53.10	17.83	17.18	0.69	32.65
单株产量 Single plant yield (g)	一般抗寒性General cold resistance	36.30	1.99	-31.37	0.23	37.10

因子Interaction factor	相关系数Correlation coefficient	直接通径系数Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficient
因子Interaction factor	相关系数Correlation coefficient	直接通径系数Direct path coefficient	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	Y₁	Y₂	Y₃	Y₄	Y₅	Y₆
X₁	-0.104	0.380		0.267	0.284	-0.062	-0.055	-0.051	-0.062	0.018	0.136	0.024	-0.128	0.134
X₂	-0.339	-0.101	-0.071		-0.090	0.032	-0.034	-0.009	0.014	-0.006	0.008	0.036	0.044	-0.020
X₃	-0.464	-0.363	-0.271	-0.321		0.064	-0.046	-0.061	0.059	0.040	0.011	0.162	0.104	-0.130
X₄	-0.174	-0.015	0.068	0.033	0.073		0.006	-0.070	-0.144	-0.056	0.094	-0.028	0.048	-0.001
X₅	0.180	0.261	-0.038	0.087	0.033	-0.004		0.018	0.014	0.019	-0.097	-0.003	-0.065	-0.048
X₆	-0.517	-0.221	-0.012	0.008	0.015	0.015	0.006		-0.006	-0.010	-0.001	-0.038	0.000	-0.004
Y₁	0.286	0.150	-0.025	-0.021	-0.025	0.052	0.008	-0.010		0.121	-0.009	0.035	0.033	-0.030
Y₂	0.379	-0.013	-0.001	-0.001	0.001	-0.002	-0.001	0.001	-0.010		0.001	-0.004	0.001	0.000
Y₃	0.156	-0.541	-0.194	0.042	0.016	0.122	0.201	0.008	0.033	0.040		-0.260	-0.059	-0.083
Y₄	0.770	0.961	0.061	-0.343	-0.429	0.065	-0.012	-0.415	0.227	0.272	0.462		-0.038	-0.280
Y₅	0.204	0.365	-0.123	-0.157	-0.105	-0.042	-0.091	-0.002	0.079	-0.042	0.040	-0.014		-0.106
Y₆	-0.220	0.348	0.123	0.069	0.125	0.001	-0.064	-0.015	-0.068	-0.002	0.053	-0.101	-0.101

因子Interaction factor	相关系数Correlation coefficient	直接通径系数Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficient
因子Interaction factor	相关系数Correlation coefficient	直接通径系数Direct path coefficient	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	Y₁	Y₂	Y₃	Y₄	Y₅	Y₆
X₁	0.397	0.190		0.134	0.142	-0.031	-0.027	-0.025	-0.011	-0.001	0.064	0.072	-0.022	0.024
X₂	0.232	0.173	0.015		0.073	0.279	0.191	-0.077	0.068	0.024	0.342	-0.214	0.246	-0.054
X₃	0.183	0.720	0.538	0.637		-0.127	0.091	0.122	-0.114	-0.138	0.218	0.149	-0.113	0.063
X₄	-0.295	-0.773	0.529	0.656	0.031		0.002	-0.130	-0.288	-0.070	0.066	0.031	-0.116	0.071
X₅	0.322	0.401	-0.058	0.134	0.051	-0.005		0.028	0.117	0.115	0.004	0.115	0.129	-0.082
X₆	-0.419	0.131	0.036	-0.024	-0.045	-0.046	-0.019		0.022	0.006	-0.063	0.076	0.023	0.080
Y₁	0.061	-1.058	0.063	0.083	0.167	-0.529	-0.309	0.088		-0.991	0.459	-0.011	-0.401	0.090
Y₂	0.108	1.173	-0.005	-0.033	-0.224	0.467	0.336	-0.025	1.100		-0.438	-0.027	0.248	-0.111
Y₃	0.222	-0.018	-0.006	-0.007	-0.005	0.007	0.000	-0.004	0.008	0.007		-0.008	0.006	-0.005
Y₄	0.775	0.544	0.206	0.133	0.112	-0.096	0.156	-0.154	0.006	-0.012	0.230		0.016	0.108
Y₅	-0.003	0.079	-0.009	-0.022	-0.012	0.052	0.025	-0.007	0.030	0.017	-0.025	0.002		-0.035
Y₆	0.372	0.222	0.028	0.014	0.019	-0.090	-0.045	-0.066	-0.019	-0.021	0.066	0.044	-0.097

主成分 Principal component	特征值 Eigenvalue	贡献率 Contribution (%)	累计贡献率 Accumulative contribution rate (%)
PC1	2.370	33.855	33.855
PC2	1.943	27.758	61.613
PC3	1.190	17.004	78.617
PC4	0.746	10.651	89.268
PC5	0.578	8.251	97.519
PC6	0.143	2.037	99.556
PC7	0.031	0.444	100.000

Genetic Gain Analysis of Agronomic Traits of Brassica rapa L. in Northern China from 2006 to 2022

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