不同亚种水稻种质资源对盐胁迫的形态生理响应及适应策略

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.04.001

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Soil salinization severely constrains the sustainable development of rice production. The specific goals are to: comprehensively evaluate the salt tolerance of rice core germplasm accessions at the seedling stage, investigate the morphological and physiological characteristics of different rice subspecies under salt stress, clarify the associated variations in their responses, and summarize their adaptive strategies, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for screening and breeding salt-tolerant rice varieties.【Method】The salt tolerance score (STS), plant height, root length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and SPAD were measured for 276 rice core germplasm accessions after treatment using 125 mmol·L^-1 NaCl for 6 days. The relative values of each trait, except for STS and shoot fresh weight were calculated, along with the shoot water content (SWC). T-tests, significance analysis and correlation analysis were used to explore the morphological and physiological differences for salt stress responses among different rice subspecies. Principal component analysis (PCA) and stepwise linear regression were applied to screen key indicators for salt tolerance. The D-value was calculated to identify typical salt-tolerant accessions and salt-sensitive accessions, which were used to elucidate the regulatory patterns and response strategies of salt stress in different subspecies of rice.【Result】Salt stress affected the growth of seedlings of the three subspecies of rice. Compared with japonica rice, indica rice and AUS exhibited milder inhibitory effects from salt stress, and AUS demonstrated greater phenotypic variation. The STS, relative seedling height (RSH), relative root length (RRL), relative root dry weight (RRDW), relative SPAD (RSPAD) and SWC among the three subspecies of rice accessions were not significantly different. However, the relative shoot dry weight (RSDW) of indica rice was significantly higher than that of japonica rice and AUS, and the salt tolerance of temperate japonica rice seedlings was significantly higher than that of tropical japonica rice and admixed japonica rice. Correlation patterns of the seven salt-tolerance-related traits varied between the three subspecies. Three principal components were extracted from japonica rice, indica rice and AUS, with cumulative contribution rates of 82.587%, 80.117%, and 88.700%, respectively. Based on this, the D-values for the comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance were calculated for each accession, and key parameters for salt tolerance were screened. It was found that RSDW is a common key indicator affecting the salt tolerance of rice seedlings, while RSH and RRDW are shared by japonica rice and AUS, and STS is the common key parameter for indica rice and AUS. In the three subspecies, high-D-value accessions and low-D-value accessions were selected to analyze root characteristics, ion balance, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and osmotic regulation substance content under salt stress. The root total number (RTN), root tip number (RN), total root length (TRL), and root surface area (RSA) of high-D-value accessions in the three subspecies were significantly higher than those of the three categories of low-D-value accessions. Among the three types of high-D-value accessions, the RTN and RN of indica rice were significantly higher than those of japonica rice and AUS. The root average diameter (RAD) of indica rice and AUS was significantly higher than that of japonica rice. AUS had significantly higher surface area and volume of roots in the 0.5-1 mm diameter range than japonica rice and indica rice, while japonica rice had significantly higher root volume in the 0-0.5 mm diameter range than indica rice and AUS. In terms of ion balance, the shoot Na⁺ content (SNC) of the three types of high-D-value accessions was significantly lower than that of the three types of low-D-value accessions. Among the three types of high-D-value groups, AUS had significantly lower SNC and shoot Na⁺/K⁺ (SNK) than that of japonica rice, japonica rice had significantly lower root Na⁺ content (RNC) than AUS, indica rice had significantly higher root K⁺ content (RKC) than AUS, and japonica rice and indica rice had significantly lower root Na⁺/K⁺ (RNK) than AUS. In terms of reactive oxygen species content, among the three categories of high-D-value accessions, the hydrogen peroxide content of japonica rice was significantly lower than that of indica rice and AUS. In terms of osmoregulatory substance content, among the three types of high-D-value accessions, the soluble sugar content of indica rice and AUS was significantly higher than that of japonica rice, and the proline content of indica rice was significantly higher than that of japonica rice.【Conclusion】Significant differences were observed in the morphological and physiological characteristics of rice germplasm accessions from different subspecies under salt stress. RSDW is a common key indicator affecting salt tolerance of rice seedlings. In response to salt stress, typical salt-tolerant germplasm from japonica, indica, and AUS developed distinct combinatorial profiles of regulatory modes, which varied in their emphasis on four key aspects: root morphological characteristics, ion homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and osmotic adjustment.

Key words: rice subspecies, germplasm resource, saline stress, morphology and physiology, response strategy

CHEN Min, JIAO ZiLan, QIAO ChengBin, XU Hao, ZHANG Bi, MA DongHua, KONG WeiRu, WANG JingWen, SONG JiaWei, LUO ChengKe, LI PeiFu, TIAN Lei. Morpho-Physiological Responses and Adaptive Strategies of Rice Germplasm Accessions from Different Subspecies Under Salt Stress[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(4): 705-722.

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亚种 Subspecies	性状 Trait	分布范围 Range	中值 Median	变异系数 CV (%)	t值 t-value
粳稻 Japonica	耐盐级别STS	1.65-7.20	4.33	34.16	-
	相对株高RSH	0.50-1.12	0.76	14.18	-12.504**
	相对根长RRL	0.54-1.31	0.92	16.97	-4.386*
	相对地上部干重RSDW	0.33-2.63	0.83	36.84	-4.376*
	相对根干重RRDW	0.28-1.90	0.68	37.63	-9.476**
	地上部含水量SWC %	57.15-80.42	75.52	3.60	-
	相对SPAD RSPAD	0.12-1.20	0.89	23.25	-8.746**
籼稻 Indica	耐盐级别STS	2.25-7.10	4.78	29.89	-
	相对株高RSH	0.49-1.05	0.77	12.75	-6.210**
	相对根长RRL	0.46-1.27	0.93	18.02	-3.363*
	相对地上部干重RSDW	0.42-1.88	0.85	31.77	-2.217
	相对根干重RRDW	0.28-1.36	0.68	32.12	-5.752**
	地上部含水量SWC %	69.83-78.36	75.28	2.39	-
	相对SPAD RSPAD	0.50-1.12	0.93	14.38	-4.981*
AUS	耐盐级别STS	1.45-7.35	3.90	39.50	-
	相对株高RSH	0.57-1.02	0.71	16.16	-7.813**
	相对根长RRL	0.55-1.36	0.89	20.20	-2.807
	相对地上部干重RSDW	0.35-2.08	0.74	48.50	-1.878
	相对根干重RRDW	0.34-1.40	0.58	39.10	-5.882**
	地上部含水量SWC %	67.12-78.88	75.10	4.02	-
	相对SPAD RSPAD	0.15-1.15	0.87	28.34	-5.414**

亚种 Subspecies	耐盐级别 STS	相对株高 RSH	相对根长 RRL	相对地上部干重 RSDW	相对根干重 RRDW	地上部含水量 SWC (%)	相对SPAD RSPAD
粳稻 Japonica	4.559±1.557a	0.762±0.108a	0.916±0.155a	0.832±0.194b	0.753±0.023a	75.158±2.696a	0.723±0.254a
籼稻 Indica	4.878±1.458a	0.762±0.097a	0.897±0.162a	0.898±0.129a	0.751±0.018a	75.088±1.852a	0.748±0.240a
AUS	4.380±1.731a	0.743±0.120a	0.891±0.177a	0.811±0.230b	0.747±0.027a	74.692±2.599a	0.665±0.258a

性状 Trait	粳稻 Japonica			籼稻 Indica			AUS
性状 Trait	CI1	CI2	CI3	CI1	CI2	CI3	CI1	CI2	CI3
耐盐级别STS	0.726	0.243	-0.506	0.629	0.550	-0.386	0.905	0.083	-0.230
相对株高RSH	0.874	-0.225	0.056	0.857	-0.182	-0.028	0.877	0.031	-0.065
相对根长RRL	0.681	-0.249	0.277	0.627	-0.399	-0.241	0.606	-0.682	0.258
相对地上部干重RSDW	0.903	-0.247	0.024	0.896	-0.177	0.212	0.910	-0.184	-0.001
相对根干重RRDW	0.869	-0.183	0.214	0.805	-0.296	0.380	0.918	-0.148	0.160
地上部含水量SWC	0.324	0.782	0.514	0.166	0.720	0.565	0.526	0.660	0.525
相对SPAD RSPAD	0.709	0.450	-0.348	0.631	0.535	-0.272	0.813	0.329	-0.385
特征值 Eigenvalue	3.935	1.081	0.767	3.401	1.418	0.789	4.563	1.072	0.573
贡献率 Contribution ratio (%)	56.180	15.445	10.962	48.581	20.258	11.278	65.186	15.321	8.193
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate (%)	56.180	71.625	82.587	48.581	68.839	80.117	65.186	80.507	88.700

指标 Indexes	粳稻高D值 Japonica rice with high D-value	粳稻低D值 Japonica rice with low D-value	籼稻高D值 Indica rice with high D-value	籼稻低D值 Indica rice with low D-value	AUS高D值 AUS rice with high D-value	AUS低D值 AUS rice with low D-value
根总数量RTN	80.67±12.18b	62.25±14.48c	95.96±27.83a	50.13±8.55d	81.17±23.31b	42.25±15.35d
根尖数量RN	69.21±12.02b	57.96±15.75c	82.96±21.88a	44.46±9.13d	70.71±20.39b	42.25±12.85d
根总长度TRL (cm)	84.60±16.00a	55.59±7.52b	77.40±17.72a	45.08±8.85c	76.65±31.19a	50.98±13.39bc
根平均直径RAD (mm)	0.55±0.04c	0.56±0.03bc	0.58±0.04ab	0.56±0.04bc	0.58±0.04ab	0.60±0.05a
根总表面积RSA (mm²)	1805.91±649.13a	1193.30±276.76b	1749.46±416.34a	799.93±130.96c	1815.12±762.71a	1236.25±429.34b
根总体积RV (mm³)	541.16±487.82ab	298.14±182.11cd	555.64±278.96ab	152.76±73.81d	618.84±394.47a	404.58±329.55bc
0.5—1 mm直径根总长度 TL_0.5-1 mm (cm)	14.08±8.00a	10.24±6.57bc	13.21±4.75ab	8.07±3.91cd	16.00±9.18a	5.55±3.15d
0.5—1 mm直径根总表面积 SA_0.5-1 mm (mm²)	226.10±152.97b	169.46±123.95bc	209.14±76.81b	131.48±75.65cd	290.39±175.48a	74.61±51.04d
0.5—1 mm直径根总体积 V_0.5-1 mm (mm³)	29.85±23.33b	23.39±19.26bc	28.40±13.36b	18.11±12.94cd	43.36±27.91a	8.28±6.90d
0—0.5 mm直径根总长度 TL_0-0.5 mm (cm)	16.57±13.64a	10.49±6.96bc	12.41±7.61abc	10.32±7.92c	15.08±8.23ab	3.74±3.68d
0—0.5 mm直径根总表面积 SA_0-0.5 mm (mm²)	241.65±177.72a	149.21±84.44bc	183.34±94.56abc	144.17±97.08c	205.75±108.52ab	65.91±50.66d
0—0.5 mm直径根总体积 V_0-0.5 mm (mm³)	29.02±18.03a	17.70±8.13bc	22.51±10.27bc	16.60±9.27c	22.82±11.49b	9.70±6.18d

指标 Indexes	粳稻高D值 Japonica rice with high D-value	粳稻低D值 Japonica rice with low D-value	籼稻高D值 Indica rice with high D-value	籼稻低D值 Indica rice with low D-value	AUS高D值 AUS rice with high D-value	AUS低D值 AUS rice with low D-value
地上部Na⁺含量SNC (mg·g^-1)	24.66±6.18c	49.47±5.80ab	20.20±3.64cd	44.16±12.86b	15.68±4.85d	56.86±10.31a
根系Na⁺含量RNC (mg·g^-1)	17.48±2.89cd	23.30±4.11ab	20.11±3.09bc	15.85±5.84d	21.47±3.46b	26.52±4.18a
地上部K⁺含量SKC (mg·g^-1)	19.83±2.90b	22.67±3.92b	20.11±2.84b	31.20±8.12a	20.71±3.93b	30.56±6.93a
根系K⁺含量RKC (mg·g^-1)	4.31±1.44bc	7.61±2.65a	5.80±1.96ab	5.75±2.06ab	3.72±2.51c	6.12±2.05ab
地上部Na⁺/K⁺SNK	1.17±0.23cd	2.06±0.28a	0.98±0.23de	1.44±0.51bc	0.67±0.11e	1.81±0.28ab
根系Na⁺/K⁺RNK	4.61±1.81b	3.35±0.91b	3.89±1.82b	3.04±1.16b	9.18±6.98a	4.04±1.70b

Morpho-Physiological Responses and Adaptive Strategies of Rice Germplasm Accessions from Different Subspecies Under Salt Stress

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指标 Indexes	粳稻高D值 Japonica rice with high D-value	粳稻低D值 Japonica rice with low D-value	籼稻高D值 Indica rice with high D-value	籼稻低D值 Indica rice with low D-value	AUS高D值 AUS rice with high D-value	AUS低D值 AUS rice with low D-value
过氧化氢含量 Hydrogen peroxide content (μmol·g^-1)	5.46±2.41c	6.38±1.53abc	8.14±1.61ab	5.89±1.45bc	8.68±3.28a	7.43±0.98abc
超氧阴离子含量 Superoxide anion content (μmol·g^-1)	0.65±0.47d	3.21±1.24a	1.17±0.50cd	1.92±0.56bc	1.21±0.19cd	2.39±1.12ab
丙二醛含量 MDA content (nmol·g^-1)	30.32±21.02a	46.13±15.97a	32.10±5.43a	30.81±19.63a	28.23±14.83a	46.45±29.20a

指标 Indexes	粳稻高D值 Japonica rice with high D-value	粳稻低D值 Japonica rice with low D-value	籼稻高D值 Indica rice with high D-value	籼稻低D值 Indica rice with low D-value	AUS高D值 AUS rice with high D-value	AUS低D值 AUS rice with low D-value
可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content (mg·g^-1)	10.42±2.61b	9.98±1.91b	17.27±5.92a	8.37±5.24b	17.70±5.74a	8.83±2.33b
脯氨酸含量 Proline content (μg·g^-1)	609.87±192.35c	632.20±78.34c	863.43±205.61ab	1003.67±380.04a	655.35±125.82bc	862.93±146.73ab
可溶性蛋白含量Soluble protein content (mg·g^-1)	13.72±8.88ab	6.08±2.92b	7.46±4.81b	8.52±3.48b	13.56±3.77ab	21.90±15.14a

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