覆膜方式对间作玉米光合物质生产及水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.03.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study explored the effects of different mulching methods on the production of photosynthetic substances and water use of maize under the intercropping mode of maize and soybean, aiming to determine the suitable mulching method for maize and soybean plantation in dryland agriculture in northern Shaanxi, so as to provide a basis for high-yield and efficient production of maize and soybean and ecological environment protection. 【Method】This study was conducted in irrigated land and nonirrigated land in 2022, using 'Zhonghuang 30' soybean and 'Xianyu 335' maize as materials. The two-factor complete randomized design was carried out, and the control group combined single crop (maize “M”, soybean “S”) and film mulching (bare land, interbrane “J”), and the test group combined intercropping crop (maize “M”, soybean “S”) and film mulching (bare land, interbrane “J” and whole film “Q”), with a total of 13 treatment groups. The characteristics changes of growth, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency of intercropped maize under different mulching methods were studied. 【Result】 (1) From jointing to silking stage, the growth space of intercropped maize was limited, resulting in a disadvantage in aboveground biomass of intercropped maize compared with monoculture. The biomass during the jointing stage of S/MQ, SQ/MJ, and SQ/MQ was 5.1%, 6.3%, and 1.7% higher than that of monoculture M, respectively; under intercropping, SJ/MJ maize plants had the fastest growth rate and a sharp increase in growth. SQ/MQ S/M, S/MJ, SQ/MJ, and SJ/M in dry land had a better promoting effect on the photosynthetic products of maize during the silking stage, and the aboveground biomass was 0.6%-105.9% higher than that of monoculture M. (2) To some extent, intercropping and mulching treatments improved the photosynthetic characteristics of maize, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) content of paddy maize. There was a certain degree of positive relationship between stomatal conductance (Gs), cellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr). The photosynthetic parameters of SQ/MJ and SJ/MQ were relatively high, while SJ/M and SQ/MQ were lower than non film coated S/M; there was a weak negative correlation between Pn and Ci in dryland maize, and the effect of maize mulching was not significant among different treatments. The Gs of intercropping treatment was 5.7% -38.1% lower than that of monoculture M, and Tr was also reduced by 5.6% -25.6%. Only the Pn of SJ/M and SQ/M, as well as the Ci of SQ/MJ and S/M, were higher than monoculture M. (3) The intercropping film mulching had a significant impact on water use efficiency (WUE). The WUE of the intercropping treatment was 41.1% -74.0% higher than that of monoculture M, among which SJ/M, S/M and S/MJ were relatively high; among all treatments in arid land, SQ/MJ had the highest WUE (19.04 kg∙mm^-1∙hm^-2), followed by SJ/MJ (17.07 kg∙mm^-1∙hm^-2), and the WUE of SJ/M and SQ/M was significantly lower than that of monoculture M by 26.7% and 20.6%, respectively. (4) Compared with monoculture M, intercropping S/MJ between irrigated land and dry land SJ/M and SJ/MJ maize increased yields by 76.8%, 73.0%, and 72.3%, respectively, while soybean yield reduction was relatively less among all intercropping treatments, demonstrating higher economic benefits; dry land intercropping SJ/MJ and SJ/MQ maize increased production by 17.1% and 23.5%, respectively, while economic benefits decreased by 17.5% and 22.8%, respectively. 【Conclusion】Compared with single cropping M, SJ/MJ model improved the photosynthetic performance, biomass, and yield of maize in irrigated land, and improved system economic benefit and promoted water use efficiency. In dry land, through the complementary effect and resource allocation in the intercropping system, it maintained maize yield and improved water use efficiency, but the increase of total input in agricultural materials reduced the economic feasibility. Therefore, in the dryland agriculture of Northern Shaanxi, the intercropping planting pattern of maize with degradable film and soybeans with degradable film was recommended for both irrigated land and moderately irrigated dry farm, aiming to enhance water use efficiency, increase production and profitability, and promote sustainable ecological agriculture development.

Key words: coating method, intercropping, maize, yield, photosynthetic characteristics, water use efficiency

WANG JiaXin, HU JingYi, ZHANG Wei, WEI Qian, WANG Tao, WANG XiaoLin, ZHANG Xiong, ZHANG PanPan. Effects of Different Mulching Methods on the Production of Photosynthetic Substances and Water Use Efficiency of Intercropped Maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(3): 460-477.

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Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 1

Effects of different film covering patterns on yield and components of maize"

地点 Location	处理 Treatment		有效穗数 Effective ear number (No./hm²)	单穗粒数 Grains per ear	单株粒重 Grain weight per plant (g/plant)	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)	产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)
水地 Irrigated farmland	CK	M	45833±5069d	717.8±23.5a	280.7±21.3a	31.9±1.3bcd	6956.8±62.9d
	CK	MJ	46667±1667d	703.8±46.3abc	261.2±7.9ab	30.2±1.1cd	8144.2±267.6d
	S	M	60667±2404bc	581.9±33.9d	203.1±17.8c	33.4±1.3abc	11687.9±402.8ab
		MJ	55333±667bcd	692.0±20.5abc	227.9±13.6bc	36.0±0.8a	12299.6±203.5a
		MQ	53333±667cd	720.3±31.2a	240.4±9.5abc	33.7±2.2abc	9839.3±251.3c
	SJ	M	58000±4163bc	639.5±26.2abcd	212.0±12.9bc	32.5±0.7abcd	12034.5±416.5a
		MJ	65333±4055b	639.5±22.6abcd	226.0±21.3bc	32.4±0.4abcd	11987.3±623.4ab
		MQ	78667±3712a	612.9±29.0bcd	222.8±8.8bc	28.9±0.1d	10837.0±675.8abc
	SQ	M	59333±4667bc	602.6±51.9cd	216.6±23.7bc	33.1±1.7abc	10489.9±685.0bc
		MJ	52667±3712cd	637.8±24.9abcd	218.6±3.5bc	32.9±0.9abc	11154.2±537.6abc
		MQ	56667±2906bcd	710.0±24.9ab	234.4±20.2abc	34.6±1.0ab	11249.8±428.9abc
旱地 Nonirrigated farmland	CK	M	39167±1667a	668.0±34.2ab	213.2±8.7b	32.8±1.1abc	6748.6±119.4bc
	CK	MJ	38333±2205a	513.3±32.9d	166.0±11.7c	30.8±0.7bc	6791.3±166.5bc
	S	M	41333±1764a	724.5±24.3a	223.4±11.1ab	36.8±2.0a	6445.0±205.7bcd
		MJ	37333±1764a	381.0±25.4e	156.3±4.2cd	33.3±1.9abc	6624.2±298.9bcd
		MQ	38667±667a	525.0±27.1cd	155.6±6.3cd	32.8±1.1abc	6844.0±878.5bc
	SJ	M	38000±1155a	408.0±18.6e	131.1±10.2de	30.5±0.4bc	5209.4±156.1d
		MJ	39333±1764a	614.5±19.3bc	154.7±8.4cd	29.8±0.7c	7901.0±838.2ab
		MQ	36667±2906a	515.5±50.0d	120.1±9.9e	31.3±1.8bc	7115.8±428.7abc
	SQ	M	39333±667a	512.5±19.0d	154.5±4.7cd	29.7±1.4c	5609.4±564.4cd
		MJ	40667±1764a	581.5±36.0bcd	195.1±15.9b	31.7±2.8bc	8335.8±327.6a
		MQ	36667±1333a	713.0±26.5a	247.9±11.3a	35.1±1.9ab	6883.8±89.7bc
变异来源 Variation source
地点 Location			**	**	**	NS	**
处理 Treatment			**	**	**	**	**
地点×处理 Location ×Treatment			**	**	**	NS	**

Table 1

Table 2

Effects of mulching techniques on intercropped soybean yield and its yield components"

地点 Location	处理 Treatment		单株荚数 Pods number per plant (No./plant)	单株粒数 Seeds number per plant (No./plant)	单株粒重 Grain weight per plant (g/plant)	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)	产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)
水地 Irrigated farmland	CK	S	54.0±8.3a	141.5±21.5a	38.2±6.2a	23.3±1.1a	1600.6±34.4b
	CK	SJ	34.8±4.9bc	93.4±16.5b	32.5±6.1ab	25.2±0.4a	1933.5±73.4a
	S	M	24.8±2.8cde	65.8±8.4bcd	14.4±1.4cd	24.4±0.8a	691.0±48.6cd
		MJ	22.4±2.0cde	61.4±7.9bcd	19.3±4.6cd	22.8±0.5a	623.7±26.7d
		MQ	14.4±2.5e	36.3±6.6d	9.4±1.9d	23.5±1.1a	747.9±39.4cd
	SJ	M	24.7±3.9cde	56.3±8.7cd	12.3±0.8d	22.7±0.4a	808.8±39.7c
		MJ	38.5±4.7b	90.9±13.5bc	23.2±2.2bc	22.6±0.7a	753.0±62.7cd
		MQ	17.4±2.7de	41.0±7.7d	10.5±1.5d	22.0±0.7b	650.1±52.9cd
	SQ	M	16.4±1.9e	38.6±5.9d	8.9±1.3d	23.2±0.7a	705.3±70.3cd
		MJ	30.4±4.5bcd	71.6±7.2bcd	17.9±2.5cd	24.2±1.0ab	754.9±57.1cd
		MQ	18.6±2.8de	48.9±6.4d	13.8±2.0cd	24.2±0.7a	744.4±57.6cd
旱地 Nonirrigated farmland	CK	M	22.5±2.0bcd	43.1±2.9bc	7.7±1.3cd	23.7±0.8a	1485.8±72.0b
	CK	MJ	25.5±2.6ab	58.1±10.5ab	14.4±3.4a	23.6±1.0ab	1653.9±32.6a
	S	M	20.8±1.6bcd	42.5±1.8bc	10.9±1.9abcd	22.0±0.4cd	523.6±24.0de
		MJ	31.5±4.9a	64.6±10.8a	13.8±2.5ab	21.3±0.5c	609.0±13.2cd
		MQ	23.6±2.2bc	51.1±5.8abc	8.2±0.8cd	20.1±0.7d	510.1±32.2e
	SJ	M	18.0±1.8bcd	43.9±5.1bc	8.8±0.9cd	21.1±0.3d	595.4±20.9de
		MJ	16.5±0.7cd	36.5±2.6c	7.4±0.6d	22.5±0.1b	594.6±31.1de
		MQ	20.4±1.9bcd	51.1±4.4abc	9.4±0.7bcd	22.0±0.9d	585.6±19.9de
	SQ	M	17.8±2.7bcd	35.5±3.5c	8.4±0.5cd	21.9±0.6d	584.6±34.1de
		MJ	15.0±2.8d	37.3±3.6c	8.3±1.0cd	21.8±0.5c	592.6±31.0de
		MQ	24.3±2.3abc	58.9±5.8ab	12.4±1.3abc	22.8±1.0cd	689.1±15.0c
变异来源 Variation source
地点 Location			**	**	**	**	**
处理 Treatment			**	**	**	*	**
地点×处理 Location ×Treatment			**	**	**	NS	NS

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment		经济效益 Economic benefits (Yuan/hm²)				土地当量比 Land equivalent ratio
年份 Year	处理 Treatment		农资总投入 Total material input	总收入 General income	经济效益 Economic benefit	产投比 Input-output ratio	土地当量比 Land equivalent ratio
水地 Irrigated farmland	CK	M	8475.0	27753±137f	19278±137c	3.27±0.02b
	CK	MJ	9039.0	32814±1088e	23775±1088ab	3.63±0.12a
	S	M	12367.5	38777±912abc	26409±912a	3.13±0.07b	1.31±0.02cde
		MJ	13252.5	40088±406ab	26835±406a	3.03±0.03b	1.39±0.05bcde
		MQ	14341.5	34021±863de	19679±863c	2.37±0.06c	1.36±0.13bcde
	SJ	M	12952.5	40366±895a	27414±895a	3.12±0.07b	1.17±0.01e
		MJ	13117.5	39934±1631ab	26816±1631a	3.04±0.13b	1.57±0.11ab
		MQ	14026.5	36223±1989bcde	22197±1989bc	2.58±0.14c	1.45±0.05abcd
	SQ	M	15315.0	35572±1744cde	20257±1744bc	2.32±0.11c	1.23±0.08de
		MJ	15300.0	37662±1498abcd	22362±1498bc	2.46±0.10c	1.63±0.03a
		MQ	16389.0	37867±810abcd	21478±810bc	2.31±0.05c	1.48±0.01abc
旱地 Nonirrigated farmland	CK	M	7575.0	26559±396abc	18984±396a	3.51±0.05a
	CK	MJ	8139.0	27589±570ab	19450±570a	3.39±0.07a
	S	M	11467.5	23502±408cde	12035±408bcd	2.05±0.04bc	2.11±0.04ab
		MJ	12352.5	24457±869bcd	12105±869bcd	1.98±0.07cd	2.16±0.01ab
		MQ	13441.5	24523±2379bcd	11081±2379cde	1.82±0.18cde	1.88±0.06c
	SJ	M	12052.5	20507±298e	8455±298ef	1.70±0.03def	2.23±0.03a
		MJ	12217.5	27877±2174ab	15660±2174b	2.28±0.18b	2.19±0.08a
		MQ	13126.5	25677±1063abc	12551±1063bcd	1.96±0.08cd	1.97±0.11bc
	SQ	M	14415.0	21544±1534de	7129±1534f	1.49±0.11f	1.95±0.09bc
		MJ	14400.0	29058±735a	14658±735bc	2.02±0.05bc	2.08±0.08abc
		MQ	15489.0	25603±210abc	10114±210def	1.65±0.01ef	2.08±0.03abc

Effects of Different Mulching Methods on the Production of Photosynthetic Substances and Water Use Efficiency of Intercropped Maize

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