Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (1): 1-9.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.01.001

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Research Progress on Seed Shattering of Rice

LÜ ShuWei(), TANG Xuan*(), LI Chen*()   

  1. Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Rice Science and Technology/ Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou 510640
  • Received:2024-05-16 Accepted:2024-06-07 Online:2025-01-01 Published:2025-01-07
  • Contact: TANG Xuan, LI Chen

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Abstract:

Seed shattering is a major factor limiting rice production, and breeding new rice varieties with moderate seed shattering is a key challenge faced by rice breeders worldwide. Rice is the most important cereal crop in China, plays a vital role for national food security. Seed shattering is one of the most important traits during rice domestication, and the abscission zone is the important region to control seed shattering. Compared with wild rice, cultivar has eliminated the seed shattering with partially developed abscission layer. Seed shattering not only has a direct impact on the yield, but also affects the way of its mechanical harvest. In order to breed rice varieties with moderate seed shattering in agricultural production, it is necessary to mine and utilize important seed shattering genes and introduce them into excellent rice varieties for genetic improvement, so as to breed new rice varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting with moderate seed shattering. Several seed shattering genes had been identified by map-based cloning, such as SH4/SHA1, qSH1, OsSh1/ObSH3, and their functional mechanisms had been analyzed. At the same time, new rice materials with moderate seed shattering have been successfully developed through CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, gamma ray mutagenesis technology and gene introduction methods. Seed shattering has an important effect on grain yield and rice harvesting methods, in this paper, we reviewed the methods, physiologic basis, the identification of seed shattering genes and genetic mechanism of seed shattering in rice. At the same time, it is proposed that by using the important genes in excellent rice germplasm resources, could provide reference for exploring the mechanism of rice seed shattering, and breed new rice varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting with moderate seed shattering.

Key words: rice, seed shattering, gene cloning, genetic mechanism, yield

Fig. 1

The schematic of rice abscission layer A1-A2: Confocal microscopy images of abscission layer; B1-B2: SEM photographs of abscission layer (the side of rachila); C1-C2: SEM photographs of abscission layer (the side of pedicel); A1-C1: Complete abscission layer; A2-C2: Incomplete abscission layer; PS: Palea side; LS: Lemma side; bar=50 μm"

Table 1

The cloned genes of seed shattering"

基因
Gene		 基因号
Genomic Locus		 编码蛋白
Functional protein		 染色体
Chr.		 参考文献
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CPL1/sh-h LOC_Os07g10690 CTD磷酸化酶CTD phosphatase 7 [30,36]
SHAT1 LOC_Os04g55560 AP2转录因子AP2 transcription factor 4 [37]
OsSh1/ObSH3 LOC_Os03g44710 YABBY转录因子YABBY transcription factor 3 [23,38]
SH5 LOC_Os05g38120 BEL1型同源异型蛋白BEL1-type homeobox 5 [39]
OSH15 LOC_Os07g03770 KNOX家族Ⅰ类同源异型蛋白KNOX family class 1 homeobox 7 [40]
SNB/SSH1 LOC_Os07g13170 AP2转录因子AP2 transcription factor 7 [41]
OgSH11 XM_052280091 Myb转录因子Myb transcription factor 11 [42]
NPC1 LOC_Os03g61130 磷脂酶C1 Phospholipase C1 3 [43]
GRF4/PT2 LOC_Os02g47280 生长调控因子Growth-regulating factor 2 [44]
LG1 LOC_Os04g56170 SQUAMOSA启动子结合蛋白SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein 4 [45]

Fig. 2

The genetic regulation network of rice seed shattering"

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