玉米穗型与种植密度对玉米花生间作种间竞争的协调效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.19.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The interspecific competition during the late coexisting period of maize (Zea mays L.) intercropping with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (maize||peanut) is the main problem of inhibition to further the intercropping advantage. The aim of this study was to investigate coordinated effects and mechanism of maize ear type and planting density on interspecific competition in maize||peanut, and to determine the reasonably variety and planting density of intercropped maize, so as to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for achieving high yield of maize||peanut production. 【Method】The experiment was conducted on the farm of Henan University of Science and Technology from 2022 to 2023, utilizing a field randomized block design. The selected maize varieties were ‘Zhengdan 958’ for medium-ear type and ‘MC4520’ for large-ear type, with two planting densities of 5.00×10⁴plants/hm² (D1) and 4.55×10⁴plants/hm² (D2) for intercropping. The effects of maize ear type and planting density on interspecific competition and intercropping advantage of maize||peanut were studied. 【Result】The results of the 2-year experiment showed that compared with D1 density medium-ear type ‘Zhengdan 958’ intercropped with peanut (M_D1ZD||P), D2 density medium-ear type ‘Zhengdan 958’ intercropped with peanut (M_D2ZD||P) and D2 density large-ear type ‘MC4520’ intercropped with peanut (M_D2MC||P) could enhance the canopy daily light intensity of peanut during the late coexisting period, and increase the leaf area index and maximum growth rate of peanut. M_D2MC||P increased dry matter accumulation in maize and peanut populations, especially in maize grains and peanut pods by 26.41%-30.11% and 8.06%-8.25%, respectively. M_D2ZD||P and M_D2MC||P could improve the interspecific competitiveness of peanut, and the interspecific competitiveness index A_p, CR_p and K_p were increased by 7.55%-19.10%, 4.23%-9.12% and 9.05%-9.60%, respectively, during M_D2MC||P later coexistence. M_D2ZD||P decreased maize yield by 8.09%-8.19%, decreased the yield of intercropping system and intercropping advantage by 2.23%-2.58% and 7.55%-13.29%, respectively. M_D2MC||P could increase the yield of maize and peanut, and the yield of intercropping system and intercropping advantage were significantly increased by 6.28%-7.45% and 11.85%-27.18%, respectively (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】In this experimental area, compared with the medium-ear type ‘Zhengdan 958’ with a density of 5.00×10⁴ plants/hm² intercropping with peanut, the large-ear type ‘MC4520’ with a density of 4.55×10⁴plants/hm² intercropping with peanut could exert the individual production potential of maize and ensure that the yield of maize was not reduced. Simultaneously, it was more conducive to the coordination of interspecific light competition during the latter coexisting period of maize||peanut, which improved the interspecific competitiveness of peanut, and increased the yield of peanut. Therefore, this planting pattern was conductive to increase the yield of intercropping system and intercropping advantages.

Key words: maize-peanut intercropping, maize ear type, planting density, interspecific competition, intercropping advantages

LIU Han, DING Di, WANG JiangTao, ZHENG Bin, WANG XiaoXiao, ZHU ChenXu, LIU Juan, LIU Ling, FU GuoZhan, JIAO NianYuan. Coordinated Effects of Maize Ear Type and Planting Density on Interspecific Competition in Maize-Peanut Intercropping System[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(19): 3758-3769.

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References 32

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	干物质 Dry matter (g/plant)					干物质分配 Dry matter distribution (%)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	苞叶 Bract	穗轴 Cob	籽粒 Grain	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	苞叶 Bract	穗轴 Cob	籽粒 Grain
2022	SM_ZD	49.05c	23.81c	12.43b	13.34c	87.82e	26.31a	12.77a	6.67a	7.14b	47.10c
	SM_MC	54.09b	26.87a	13.15b	19.34b	102.09d	25.09ab	12.46a	6.10a	8.98a	47.37c
	IM_D1ZD	55.34ab	25.05bc	15.04a	16.92b	114.53c	24.39b	11.05b	6.62a	7.46b	50.48b
	IM_D1MC	57.95ab	26.49ab	15.55a	19.52b	126.90b	23.53bc	10.75bc	6.31a	7.92ab	51.50ab
	IM_D2ZD	55.31ab	25.72ab	16.27a	18.51b	119.52bc	23.50bc	10.93b	6.93a	7.86ab	50.78b
	IM_D2MC	59.36a	27.22a	16.77a	22.41a	144.78a	21.94c	10.07c	6.20a	8.28ab	53.51a
2023	SM_ZD	46.39d	25.00b	13.83b	15.65c	111.35c	21.89a	11.78a	6.52ab	7.38b	52.43b
	SM_MC	53.85bc	29.07a	14.24b	21.80b	135.74b	21.13ab	11.43ab	5.59b	8.56a	53.28ab
	IM_D1ZD	48.76cd	28.61a	15.19b	15.94c	133.56b	20.14ab	11.83a	6.28ab	6.58b	55.18a
	IM_D1MC	56.94ab	30.82a	17.49a	25.86a	163.23a	19.34b	10.47ab	5.94ab	8.78a	55.46a
	IM_D2ZD	53.85bc	28.71a	17.20a	17.72c	139.45b	20.96ab	11.17ab	6.70a	6.90b	54.28ab
	IM_D2MC	60.10a	31.49a	18.61a	26.79a	173.78a	19.35b	10.14b	6.01ab	8.64a	55.87a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	干物质 Dry matter (g/plant)			干物质分配 Dry matter distribution (%)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	荚果 Pod	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	荚果 Pod
2022	SP	23.79a	16.50a	26.74a	35.49b	24.60b	39.91a
	IP_D1ZD	16.83c	12.64c	16.70d	36.45ab	27.38a	36.17bc
	IP_D1MC	16.33c	11.06d	15.02e	38.51a	26.08a	35.41c
	IP_D2ZD	19.52b	14.17b	20.19b	36.22ab	26.28a	37.50b
	IP_D2MC	17.79bc	13.37bc	18.05c	36.16ab	27.16a	36.68bc
2023	SP	33.21a	20.07a	28.40a	40.65a	24.58b	34.76a
	IP_D1ZD	26.01c	16.22bc	19.58cd	42.08a	26.23ab	31.69b
	IP_D1MC	23.61d	15.24c	17.52d	41.88a	27.05a	31.07b
	IP_D2ZD	29.04b	17.53b	23.46b	41.48a	25.03b	33.49ab
	IP_D2MC	27.30bc	16.86b	21.20c	41.78a	25.80ab	32.42ab

年份 Year	共处天数 Days of coexistence (d)	处理 Treatment	侵占力A		竞争比率CR		相对拥挤系数K
年份 Year	共处天数 Days of coexistence (d)	处理 Treatment	A_m	A_p	CR_m	CR_p	K_m	K_p
2022	43	M_D1ZD\|\|P	0.07ab	-0.07ab	1.07ab	0.93ab	1.31a	1.08ab
		M_D1MC\|\|P	0.09a	-0.09b	1.09a	0.92b	1.35a	1.05b
		M_D2ZD\|\|P	0.04b	-0.04a	1.04b	0.96a	1.29a	1.14a
		M_D2MC\|\|P	0.06ab	-0.06ab	1.05b	0.95a	1.34a	1.14a
	55	M_D1ZD\|\|P	0.18ab	-0.18bc	1.18ab	0.85bc	1.50a	0.99bc
		M_D1MC\|\|P	0.23a	-0.23c	1.24a	0.81c	1.51a	0.90c
		M_D2ZD\|\|P	0.09c	-0.09a	1.08c	0.93a	1.38b	1.13a
		M_D2MC\|\|P	0.14bc	-0.14ab	1.13bc	0.88ab	1.49a	1.07ab
	72	M_D1ZD\|\|P	0.52a	-0.52b	1.56a	0.64b	3.36a	0.88bc
		M_D1MC\|\|P	0.54a	-0.54b	1.60a	0.62b	3.42a	0.83c
		M_D2ZD\|\|P	0.37b	-0.37a	1.36b	0.73a	2.60b	1.06a
		M_D2MC\|\|P	0.42b	-0.42a	1.43b	0.70a	2.79b	0.97ab
2023	34	M_D1ZD\|\|P	0.06a	-0.06a	1.05a	0.95a	1.82a	1.40a
		M_D1MC\|\|P	0.07a	-0.07a	1.06a	0.94a	1.94a	1.38a
		M_D2ZD\|\|P	0.03a	-0.03a	1.03a	0.97a	1.73a	1.49a
		M_D2MC\|\|P	0.04a	-0.04a	1.03a	0.97a	1.79a	1.45a
	56	M_D1ZD\|\|P	0.27b	-0.27b	1.26b	0.80b	2.15b	1.08ab
		M_D1MC\|\|P	0.36a	-0.36c	1.37a	0.73c	2.39a	0.95b
		M_D2ZD\|\|P	0.19c	-0.19a	1.18b	0.85a	1.99b	1.23a
		M_D2MC\|\|P	0.22bc	-0.22ab	1.21b	0.83ab	2.10b	1.16a
	74	M_D1ZD\|\|P	0.55b	-0.55c	1.54b	0.65b	5.63b	1.04bc
		M_D1MC\|\|P	0.63a	-0.63d	1.65a	0.61c	8.78a	0.95c
		M_D2ZD\|\|P	0.42d	-0.42a	1.39d	0.72a	3.81c	1.21a
		M_D2MC\|\|P	0.51c	-0.51b	1.47c	0.68b	5.44b	1.14ab

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	单作产量 Sole-cropping yield (kg·hm^-2)		间作产量 Intercropping yield (kg·hm^-2)			间作优势 Intercropping advantage (kg·hm^-2)	PLER_M	PLER_P	LER
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	玉米 Maize	花生 Peanut	玉米 Maize	花生 Peanut	间作体系 Intercropping system	间作优势 Intercropping advantage (kg·hm^-2)	PLER_M	PLER_P	LER
2022	M_D1ZD\|\|P	7431a	5403a	5358b	2300bc	7658b	1129b	0.72	0.43	1.15
	M_D1MC\|\|P	7764a	5403a	5658ab	2137c	7795ab	1036b	0.73	0.40	1.12
	M_D2ZD\|\|P	7431a	5403a	4925c	2535a	7460b	979b	0.66	0.47	1.13
	M_D2MC\|\|P	7764a	5403a	5750a	2389ab	8139a	1435a	0.74	0.44	1.18
2023	M_D1ZD\|\|P	8561b	6759a	7188b	3028ab	10216b	2456b	0.84	0.45	1.29
	M_D1MC\|\|P	9429a	6759a	8112a	2806b	10918a	2625a	0.86	0.42	1.28
	M_D2ZD\|\|P	8561b	6759a	6599c	3389a	9988b	2271c	0.77	0.50	1.27
	M_D2MC\|\|P	9429a	6759a	7810a	3167ab	10977a	2747a	0.83	0.47	1.30

Coordinated Effects of Maize Ear Type and Planting Density on Interspecific Competition in Maize-Peanut Intercropping System

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