Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (3): 525-538.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.03.008

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Characteristics of Acidity and Nutrient Changes in Red Soil After Conversion of Paddy Field to Dry Land and Vegetable Field

QIU HaiHua1,2(), KUAI LeiXin1,2, ZHANG Lu1,2, LIU LiSheng1,2, WEN ShiLin1,2, CAI ZeJiang1,2()   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Beijing 100081
    2 Hengyang Red Soil Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Qiyang Farmland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Qiyang 426182, Hunan
  • Received:2023-03-09 Accepted:2023-06-16 Online:2024-02-01 Published:2024-02-05

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of changes in soil acidity and nutrient content after the conversion of paddy fields with different parent material development into dryland and vegetable fields in Qiyang, a typical county in the red soil area, so as to provide a scientific basis for the rational use of land to prevent acidification in the area. 【Method】18 sites were selected and collected from paddy fields and adjacent dryland and vegetable fields to analyze the changes of soil pH, exchangeable acid, exchangeable salt-based ions, organic matter, cation exchange, and nutrient content and their interrelationships. 【Result】 The pH of all the soils developed with alkaline parent material was significantly higher than that of the soils developed with acidic parent material. Soil pH decreased by 0.48 units after the conversion of acidic parent material developed paddy fields to vegetable fields; soil pH decreased by 0.74 and 0.53 units after the conversion of alkaline parent material developed paddy fields to drylands and vegetable fields, respectively. The bilinear model fit analysis showed that the soil exchangeable aluminum content increased rapidly when the soil pH was below 5.88, 5.78 and 5.63 in the paddy field, dryland and vegetable field, respectively, and the increment of soil exchangeable aluminum content increased by 1.09, 2.33 and 2.93 cmol(+)·kg-1 by one pH unit, respectively. Soil organic matter and total nitrogen content decreased by 11.06 and 0.42 g·kg-1, respectively, in the acidic matrices developed paddy fields converted to drylands, while no significant changes were observed in vegetable fields; soil organic matter and total nitrogen content decreased significantly in the alkaline matrices developed paddy fields converted to drylands and vegetable fields, by 13.88-17.28 and 0.57-0.71 g·kg-1, respectively. The total and effective phosphorus content of the soil increased significantly from 0.41-0.48 g·kg-1 and 26.79-28.69 mg·kg-1 after the conversion of the paddy field with alkaline parent material to dryland and vegetable field, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that soil pH was significantly and positively correlated with soil exchangeable calcium and magnesium, cation exchange, organic matter content and total nitrogen content (P<0.01); soil exchangeable acid and aluminum were significantly correlated with effective phosphorus content (P<0.05) and negative correlation (P<0.01) with soil exchangeable calcium and magnesium, cation exchange, organic matter and total nitrogen. 【Conclusion】Soil organic matter and total nitrogen content decreased significantly after the conversion of acidic and alkaline parent material developed paddy fields to drylands, while soil total phosphorus and effective phosphorus content tended to increase. Soil acidification was observed after the conversion of paddy fields to vegetable fields for acidic parent materials or to drylands and vegetable fields for alkaline parent materials; the increased nitrification and increased leaching of salt-based ions from paddy fields to drylands and vegetable fields might be one of the main reasons for soil acidification.

Key words: parent material, red soil, conversion of paddy fields to dry land and vegetable field, soil acidity, nutrient characteristics

Fig. 1

Location of sampling points in Qiyang city"

Table 1

Sampling site information"

土地利用
Land use		 作物/轮作模式
Crop/rotation patterns		 灌溉水源
Irrigation water		 施肥种类
Fertilizer application types
水田
Paddy fields		 一季稻-冬闲
Single rice - Winter leisure		 池塘、水库
Ponds, reservoirs		 尿素、复合肥
Urea, compound fertilizer
旱地
Dry land		 冬油菜-夏玉米、花生、大豆
Winter canola - Summer maize, peanuts, soybeans		 不灌溉
No irrigation		 尿素、复合肥
Urea, compound fertilizer
菜地
Vegetable fields		 白菜、莴苣、生菜、茄子
Cabbage, asparagus lettuce, lettuce, eggplant		 池塘、污水
Ponds, reservoirs		 尿素、复合肥、火土灰
Urea, compound fertilizer, plant ash

Fig. 2

Soil pH of different land uses under different parent materials “n” is the sample size of a single utilization method; The solid line in the box represents the median value and the dashed line represents the average value. Different letters indicate significant differences under different land uses and parent materials (P<0.05). The same as below"

Fig. 3

Exchangeable acid, hydrogen and aluminum content of different land uses under different parent materials"

Fig. 4

Relationship between soil pH and exchangeable aluminum in soil under different land uses"

Fig. 5

Exchangeable calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium contents of different land uses under different parent materials"

Fig. 6

Organic matter content and cation exchange capacity of different land uses under different parent materials"

Fig. 7

Total and available N, P and K contents of different land uses under different parent materials"

Table 2

Correlation analysis of soil acidity and soil properties"

pH Ex.A Ex.H Ex.Al Ex.Ca Ex.Mg Ex.K Ex.Na CEC SOM TN TP TK AN AP AK
pH 1 -0.659** -0.772** -0.606** 0.839** 0.315** -0.008 0.141 0.334** 0.331** 0.337** -0.011 0.129 0.233** -0.117 -0.037
Ex.A 1 0.903** 0.993** -0.539** -0.289** 0.021 -0.226** -0.255** -0.207** -0.237** 0.054 -0.079 -0.110 0.177* 0.028
Ex.H 1 0.845** -0.628** -0.309** 0.001 -0.234** -0.325** -0.246** -0.288** 0.053 -0.119 -0.146 0.155* -0.002
Ex.Al 1 -0.497** -0.275** 0.026 -0.216** -0.227** -0.190* -0.215** 0.052 -0.065 -0.097 0.176* 0.036
Ex.Ca 1 0.231* -0.038 0.284** 0.558** 0.493** 0.534** 0.195* 0.245** 0.350** -0.115 0.032
Ex.Mg 1 0.306** 0.253** 0.319** 0.241** 0.223** 0.417** 0.035 0.148 0.348** 0.288**
Ex.K 1 0.194* 0.266** -0.199* -0.127 0.412** 0.355** -0.197* 0.461** 0.947**
Ex.Na 1 0.263** 0.241** 0.389** 0.373** 0.226** 0.177* 0.245** 0.249**
CEC 1 0.506** 0.536** 0.565** 0.277** 0.423** 0.229** 0.267**
SOM 1 0.886** 0.277** -0.230** 0.874** -0.049 -0.206**
TN 1 0.351** -0.064 0.757** 0.029 -0.123
TP 1 0.209** 0.203** 0.633** 0.429**
TK 1 -0.292** -0.002 0.357**
AN 1 -0.009 -0.239**
AP 1 0.471**
AK 1

Fig. 8

Principal component analysis (PCA) of soil acidity and soil properties"

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