不同分子量聚天冬氨酸对小麦根系生长和养分吸收的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.13.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Polyaspartic acid (PASP) is a polymer of aspartic acid (ASP) with molecular weight ranging from 1000 to hundreds of thousands. Owing to its function in promoting crop growth and nutrient uptake, PASP has been widely used in agriculture, while its structure and application effect varied when its molecular weight changed. Therefore, in this study, the structural characteristics of PASP with different molecular weights were analyzed by using infrared spectroscopy, and the effects of it on wheat root growth and nutrient uptake in hydroponic experiments were investigated to clarify the characteristics and efficiency-enhanced mechanism of PASP with different molecular weights, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific application for PASP in the development of new efficiency-enhanced fertilizer and agricultural production.【Method】A hydroponic experiment was carried out by using Hoagland nutrition solution and wheat (Jimai 22). Four kinds of test materials, including aspartic acid (ASP), PASP with low molecular weight (<1 kDa, PAL), PASP with medium molecular weight (3-5 kDa, PAM), and PASP with high molecular weight (>10 kDa, PAH), were separately added into the cultural solution in ratio of 10 mg·L^-1, 25 mg·L^-1 and 50 mg·L^-1, and the treatment only with Hoagland nutrient solution was set as the control group (CK). Thus, there were a total of 13 treatments, and each treatment was repeated four times. After 20-day growth, the wheat seedlings were harvested to determine shoot dry matter weight, root dry matter weight, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content as well as root morphology, root absorption area, root activity.【Result】(1) The structure of polyaspartic acid with different molecular weights was different. With the increase of molecular weight of polyaspartic acid, the content of peptide bond increased gradually, and the content of carboxyl group increased first and then decreased, among which, PAH had the highest peptide bond content, and PAM had the highest carboxyl group content. (2) The addition of PASP with different molecular weights could significantly improve the dry matter weight of wheat. The total dry matter weight of wheat was shown in the descending order: PAM>PAH>PAL≈ASP. Compared with CK, PASP increased the dry weight of wheat root by 11.90%-19.06%. Compared with CK, at the additive amount of 10 mg·L^-1, 25 mg·L^-1 and 50 mg·L^-1, the total dry weight of wheat treated by PAM increased by 9.13%, 23.36% and 20.54%, respectively. (3) Polyaspartic acid with different molecular weights could optimize wheat root morphology and increase total absorption area, active absorption area and root activity. PAM had a better performance than other PASP treatment. (4) The addition of PASP with different molecular weights could promote the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the greatest promotion was obtained with PAM addition, followed by PAH addition. As for the treatments with the same material, the total uptake of nutrients was the highest at 50 mg·L^-1 of PASP addition. When 50 mg·L^-1 of PAM addition, the total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium significantly increased by 16.88%, 25.97% and 21.61% than that of CK, respectively, and that 50 mg·L^-1 of PAH addition significantly increased by 16.28%, 23.36% and 18.16% than CK, respectively. (5) Correlation analysis showed that the contents of peptide bond and carboxyl group of polyaspartic acid with different molecular weights were significantly positively correlated with total dry matter weight, total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as well as total root length and total root absorption area. The dry matter weight and nutrient uptake of wheat were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with root surface area, total absorption area, active absorption area, and root activity.【Conclusion】Polyaspartic acid with different molecular weights could promote wheat growth, optimize root morphology, increase root absorption area and root activity, further promote nutrient uptake. The structure of polyaspartic acid with different molecular weights was different. With the increase of molecular weight of polyaspartic acid, the content of peptide bond increased gradually, and the content of carboxyl group increased first and then decreased. The content of peptide bond and carboxyl group of polyaspartic acid was positively correlated with wheat growth and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake. Under the conditions of this experiment, PASP with molecular weight of 3-5 kDa had the best performance on wheat root growth and nutrient uptake, followed by polyaspartic acid with molecular weight greater than 10 kDa. As for different additive amounts, PASP with high dosage (50 mg·L^-1) showed a more significant promoting effect on wheat growth and total nutrient uptake, while that with medium dosage (25 mg·L^-1) had the best performance on wheat root growth and root nutrient uptake.

Key words: polyaspartic acid, molecular weight, wheat, root, nutrient uptake

LIU Yuan,YUAN Liang,ZHANG ShuiQin,ZHAO BingQiang,LI YanTing. Effects of Polyaspartic Acid with Different Molecular Weights on Root Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(13): 2526-2537.

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处理 Treatment	分子量 Molecular weight	元素含量Elemental content (%)				元素摩尔比Elemental mole ratio
处理 Treatment	分子量 Molecular weight	C	H	N	O	C/N	H/C	O/C
ASP	133.10	35.80	5.01	10.62	48.57	3.37	0.14	1.36
PAL	<1 kDa	25.92	5.72	7.68	60.68	3.38	0.22	2.34
PAM	3-5 kDa	27.19	5.45	8.00	59.36	3.40	0.20	2.18
PAH	>10 kDa	26.91	5.30	8.11	59.68	3.32	0.20	2.22

处理 Treatment	添加量 Additive amount (mg·L^-1)
处理 Treatment	ASP	PAL	PAM	PAH
CK	0	0	0	0
ASP10	10	0	0	0
ASP25	25	0	0	0
ASP50	50	0	0	0
PAL10	0	10	0	0
PAL25	0	25	0	0
PAL50	0	50	0	0
PAM10	0	0	10	0
PAM25	0	0	25	0
PAM50	0	0	50	0
PAH10	0	0	0	10
PAH25	0	0	0	25
PAH50	0	0	0	50

处理 Treatment	根系干重 Root dry weight			平均 Mean	地上部干重 Ground dry weight			平均 Mean	总干重 Total dry weight			平均 Mean
处理 Treatment	10 mg·L^-1	25 mg·L^-1	50 mg·L^-1	平均 Mean	10 mg·L^-1	25 mg·L^-1	50 mg·L^-1	平均 Mean	10 mg·L^-1	25 mg·L^-1	50 mg·L^-1	平均 Mean
CK	0.42b	0.42b	0.42b	0.42	1.67ab	1.67b	1.67c	1.67	2.09b	2.09c	2.09b	2.09
ASP	0.49a	0.51a	0.49a	0.50	1.65b	1.87ab	1.8bc	1.77	2.14b	2.38ab	2.29ab	2.27
PAL	0.46ab	0.50a	0.45ab	0.47	1.66ab	1.74b	1.98ab	1.79	2.12b	2.24bc	2.43a	2.26
PAM	0.50a	0.53a	0.46ab	0.50	1.78a	2.04a	2.06a	1.96	2.28a	2.58a	2.52a	2.46
PAH	0.44ab	0.51a	0.47ab	0.47	1.75ab	1.85ab	1.98ab	1.86	2.18ab	2.36ab	2.45a	2.33

处理 Treatment	根系吸氮量 Nitrogen uptake of root			平均 Mean	地上部吸氮量 Nitrogen uptake of ground			平均 Mean	总吸氮量 Nitrogen uptake of total plant			平均 Mean
处理 Treatment	10 mg·L^-1	25 mg·L^-1	50 mg·L^-1	平均 Mean	10 mg·L^-1	25 mg·L^-1	50 mg·L^-1	平均 Mean	10 mg·L^-1	25 mg·L^-1	50 mg·L^-1	平均 Mean
CK	22.13b	22.13d	22.13b	22.13	141.13a	141.13c	141.13c	141.13	163.27a	163.27c	163.27c	163.27
ASP	22.05b	24.59c	25.51a	24.05	144.63a	144.85bc	143.29bc	144.26	166.68a	169.44c	168.79bc	168.30
PAL	22.71b	27.12b	24.16a	24.66	142.19a	141.97c	149.58b	144.58	164.90a	169.09c	173.74b	169.24
PAM	24.77a	29.40a	25.23a	26.47	142.69a	168.20a	165.59a	158.83	167.46a	197.61a	190.83a	185.30
PAH	21.75b	25.96bc	25.54a	24.42	142.80a	152.51b	164.30 a	153.20	164.56a	178.47b	189.84a	177.62

处理 Treatment	根系吸磷量 Phosphorus uptake of root			平均 Mean	地上部吸磷量 Phosphorus uptake of ground			平均 Mean	总吸磷量 Phosphorus uptake of total plant			平均 Mean
处理 Treatment	10 mg·L^-1	25 mg·L^-1	50 mg·L^-1	平均 Mean	10 mg·L^-1	25 mg·L^-1	50 mg·L^-1	平均 Mean	10 mg·L^-1	25 mg·L^-1	50 mg·L^-1	平均 Mean
CK	4.27a	4.27c	4.27c	4.27	17.22 a	17.22b	17.22c	17.22	21.49a	21.49c	21.49d	21.49
ASP	4.28a	4.65bc	5.21a	4.71	17.36a	17.36b	19.59b	18.10	21.63a	22.01bc	24.80b	22.81
PAL	4.46a	4.94b	4.31c	4.57	17.30a	17.49b	19.07b	17.95	21.76a	22.43bc	23.38c	22.52
PAM	4.44a	5.58 a	4.78b	4.93	18.46a	19.43a	22.29a	20.06	22.90a	25.00a	27.07a	24.99
PAH	4.33a	5.06 b	5.27a	4.88	17.95a	18.10ab	21.24a	19.10	22.28a	23.16b	26.51a	23.98

Effects of Polyaspartic Acid with Different Molecular Weights on Root Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Wheat

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指标 Index	R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8	R9	R10	R11
C1	0.709**	0.795**	0.806**	0.892**	-0.335	0.376	0.720**	0.574*	0.802**	0.685**	0.558*
C2	0.750**	0.804**	0.822**	0.900**	-0.279	0.409	0.694**	0.568*	0.799**	0.680*	0.649*

干物质重与养分吸收指标 Dry matter weight and nutrient uptake index	根系指标 Root index
	R5	R6	R7	R8	R9	R10	R11
R1	0.174	0.802**	0.415	0.778**	0.778**	0.838**	0.870**
R2	-0.146	0.588**	0.648*	0.841**	0.751**	0.889**	0.728**
R3	0.015	0.549	0.498	0.621*	0.632*	0.669*	0.683*
R4	-0.202	0.559**	0.721**	0.823**	0.865**	0.873**	0.706**

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处理 Treatment	根系吸钾量 Potassium uptake of root			平均 Mean	地上部吸钾量 Potassium uptake of ground			平均 Mean	总吸钾量 Potassium uptake of total plant			平均 Mean
处理 Treatment	10 mg·L^-1	25 mg·L^-1	50 mg·L^-1	平均 Mean	10 mg·L^-1	25 mg·L^-1	50 mg·L^-1	平均 Mean	10 mg·L^-1	25 mg·L^-1	50 mg·L^-1	平均 Mean
CK	16.03a	16.03b	16.03b	16.03	141.00a	141.00b	141.00c	141.00	157.03a	157.03c	157.03c	157.03
ASP	16.06a	16.85b	16.14b	16.35	140.18a	147.8b	144.36c	141.11	156.23a	164.65bc	160.50bc	160.46
PAL	15.92a	18.09b	16.03b	16.68	144.11a	145.68b	155.98b	148.59	160.03a	163.78bc	172.01b	165.27
PAM	16.12a	23.68a	17.65ab	19.15	150.06a	163.46a	173.31a	162.28	166.18a	187.14 a	190.96a	181.42
PAH	16.08a	22.40a	19.83a	19.43	150.92a	154.30ab	165.73ab	156.98	167.00a	176.70ab	185.55a	176.42