Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (16): 3549-3560.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.16.016

• ANIMAL SCIENCE·VETERINARY SCIENCE·RESOURCE INSECT • Previous Articles    

Requirement of Vitamin D3 on Fast-Growing Yellow-Feathered Breeder Hens

WANG YiBing(),CHEN Fang,GOU ZhongYong,LI Long,LIN XiaJing,ZHANG Sheng,JIANG ShouQun()   

  1. Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding/ Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640
  • Received:2020-06-29 Accepted:2020-09-27 Online:2021-08-16 Published:2021-08-24
  • Contact: ShouQun JIANG E-mail:wangyibing77@163.com;jsqun3100@sohu.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of vitamin D3 (VD3) supplementation on performance, tibial characteristics and metabolism of calcium and phosphorus of fast-growing yellow-feathered breeder hens and the progeny, so as to establish requirement of vitamin D3 on breeder hens.【Method】Seven hundred and twenty breeder hens at 48 weeks of age were fed up with basal diets supplemented with 0, 800, 1 600, 2 400, 3 200 and 4 000 IU·kg-1 VD3 for eight weeks with six replicates per group and 20 hens per replicate, then the progeny hatched from each of the 6 maternal groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 1 000 IU·kg-1 VD3 for 63 days. 【Result】Compared with the control group, supplemental 800 IU·kg-1 VD3 enhanced average egg weight (P<0.05); the dietary supplementation with 1 600 and 3 200 IU·kg-1 VD3 increased (P<0.05) egg shell strength and 1 600 IU·kg-1 VD3 increased (P<0.05) egg shell thickness; 4 000 IU·kg-1 VD3 supplementation increased dehydrated and degreased tibial weight/BW and bone density of yellow-feathered breeder hens (P<0.05); 4 000 IU·kg-1 VD3 supplementation also increased content of calcium and phosphorus, and decreased activity of AKP activity in plasma (P<0.05); supplementation of VD3 increased broking strength of tibia of breeder hens (P>0.05). There was no significant effect of maternal VD3 on growth performance of the progeny (P>0.05), However compared with the control group, the broking strength of tibia in the progeny was increased (P<0.05) when 4 000 IU·kg-1 VD3 was added to maternal diet, and tibial density was increased when 800, 1 600, or 4 000 IU·kg-1 VD3 was added; supplementation of 1 600 to 4 000 IU·kg-1VD3 increased dehydrated and degreased tibial weight/BW of the progeny (P>0.05). Addition of VD3 significantly increased content of calcium and phosphorus, and decreased activity of AKP in plasma of hens and their progeny aged 1 day (P<0.05), however, it had no significant effect on those of progeny at 21 or 63 days of age (P>0.05).【Conclusion】Under the condition of this experiment, the dietary supplementation of VD3 improved productive performance of yellow-feathered breeder hens, tibial characteristics and metabolism of calcium and phosphorus of breeder hens and progeny. The VD3 requirement of yellow-feathered breeders was estimated by considering the experimental data and quadratic regressions comprehensively. For yellow-feathered breeder hens, the best productive performance was obtained when supplemented with 800 IU·kg-1 VD3, and the best egg quality was obtained when supplemented with 1 650 to 1 828 IU·kg-1 VD3. The best tibial characteristics of the hens and progeny were obtained when supplemented with high level of VD3 (4 000 IU·kg-1).

Key words: vitamin D3, yellow-feathered breeder hens, requirement, progeny, laying performance, tibia

Table 1

Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis)"

项目Items 含量Content (%) 营养水平 Nutrient Levels2）
原料 Ingredients
玉米Corn 64.25 代谢能 ME （MJ·kg-1） 11.47
豆粕 Soybean meal 24.50 粗蛋白质 CP 16.00
豆油Soybean oil 1.00 钙 Ca 3.12
DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met 0.25 总磷TP 0.62
石粉Limestone 7.02 有效磷 AP 0.41
磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 1.68 赖氨酸 Lys 0.80
食盐NaCl 0.30 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸Met+Cys 0.80
维生素微量元素预混料Premix1) 1.00
合计Total 100.00

Table 2

Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet for progeny from broiler breeder hens"

项目
Items		 含量Content (%) 营养水平Nutrient levels
1-21
日龄 (d)		 22-42
日龄 (d)		 43-63
日龄(d)		 1-21
日龄 (d)		 22-42
日龄 (d)		 43-63
日龄(d)
原料 Ingredients 代谢能 ME (MJ·kg-1) 12.13 12.55 12.98
玉米Corn 55.7 59.45 65.03 粗蛋白质 CP 21.00 19.00 17.00
豆粕 Soybean meal 35.85 33.42 27.16 钙 Ca 1.00 0.90 0.80
玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal 2.00 0.00 0.00 有效磷 AP 0.45 0.40 0.35
豆油Soybean oil 2.00 3.00 4.00 赖氨酸 Lys 1.15 1.03 0.88
DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met 0.10 0.12 0.11 蛋氨酸 Met 0.45 0.40 0.37
石粉Limestone 1.27 1.16 1.10 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸Met+Cys 0.80 0.71 0.64
磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 1.78 1.55 1.30
食盐NaCl 0.30 0.30 0.30
预混料Premix1) 1.00 1.00 1.00
合计Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table 3

Effects of dietary VD3 supplemental level on performance of yellow-feathered breeder hens"

项目
Items		 VD3添加水平 VD3 supplemental level (IU·kg-1) SEM P
0 800 1600 2400 3200 4000 ANOVA 线性 Linear 二次 Quadratic
产蛋率Laying rate (%) 53.77 58.02 56.77 56.75 56.55 57.46 0.94 0.071 0.059 0.111
平均蛋重Average egg weight (g) 61.70b 63.28a 62.73ab 61.98ab 62.31ab 62.53ab 0.29 0.024 0.840 0.855
日均产蛋重Average egg mass (g) 33.85 36.71 35.52 35.51 35.04 36.42 0.70 0.201 0.257 0.505
料蛋比 Feed/Egg mass 3.61 3.32 3.47 3.44 3.48 3.36 0.07 0.160 0.322 0.394
破蛋率Broken egg rate(%) 2.30 1.75 1.71 1.50 1.81 2.06 0.19 0.150 0.433 0.014
不合格蛋率Unqualified egg rate(%) 1.52 0.78 1.38 0.57 0.90 1.36 0.31 0.125 0.171 0.395
存活率 Survival rate(%) 99.17 100.00 98.33 100.00 100.00 100.00 0.57 0.186 0.772 0.530

Table 4

Effects of dietary VD3 supplemental level on egg quality of yellow-feathered breeder hens"

项目
Items		 VD3添加水平 VD3 supplemental level (IU·kg-1) SEM P
0 800 1600 2400 3200 4000 ANOVA 线性 Linear 二次 Quadratic
蛋形指数 Egg shape index 1.33 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.33 1.34 0.01 0.695 0.377 0.672
蛋壳强度Shell strength, kgf 3.48b 3.69ab 3.88a 3.59ab 3.89a 3.46b 0.08 0.012 0.147 0.035
蛋壳厚度Shell thickness (μm) 0.306b 0.320ab 0.322a 0.320ab 0.319ab 0.317ab 0.01 0.049 0.162 0.008
蛋壳比例Shell rate (%) 8.51 8.63 8.54 8.65 8.54 8.59 0.08 0.920 0.765 0.959
蛋黄色泽 Yolk color 7.46 7.21 7.17 7.28 6.92 6.85 0.33 0.112 0.048 0.122
蛋白高度Albumen height (mm) 3.82 3.43 3.85 4.08 4.10 4.15 0.23 0.569 0.697 0.910
哈氏单位Haugh unit 53.85 57.23 53.40 56.83 56.14 58.00 2.22 0.637 0.415 0.712

Table 5

Effects of dietary VD3 supplemental level on tibial characteristics of yellow-feathered breeder hens"

项目
Items		 VD3添加水平 VD3 supplemental level (IU·kg-1) SEM P
0 800 1600 2400 3200 4000 VD3 线性 Linear 二次 Quadratic
脱脂胫骨比例
Dehydrated and degreased weight/BW (%)		 0.33b 0.34ab 0.35ab 0.35ab 0.36ab 0.38a 0.01 0.041 0.012 0.053
骨密度 Bone density (g·cm-3) 0.22b 0.26ab 0.26ab 0.26ab 0.26ab 0.33a 0.01 0.003 0.047 0.125
胫骨折断力
Broking strength of tibia (N)		 250.41 266.71 255.94 259.56 259.96 288.10 17.83 0.761 0.261 0.434

Table 6

Effects of dietary VD3 supplemental level on biochemical variables in plasma of yellow-feathered breeder hens"

项目
Items		 VD3添加水平 VD3 supplemental level (IU·kg-1) SEM P
0 800 1600 2400 3200 4000 VD3 线性 Linear 二次 Quadratic
钙含量 Calcium content (mmol·L-1) 2.18b 2.31a 2.30a 2.32a 2.34a 2.25ab 0.03 <0.001 0.414 0.711
磷含量 Phosphorus content (mmol·L-1) 1.93b 2.08a 2.02ab 1.96ab 1.91b 1.88b 0.03 <0.001 0.012 0.001
碱性磷酸酶活性 AKP activity (U/100 mL) 77.25a 74.81ab 44.51c 53.47bc 54.72bc 45.94c 7.00 0.005 0.002 0.002

Table 7

Effects of dietary VD3 supplemental level on growth performance of yellow-feathered broiler progeny"

项目
Items		 VD3添加水平 VD3 supplemental level (IU·kg-1) SEM P
0 800 1600 2400 3200 4000 VD3 线性 Linear 二次Quadratic
存活率 Survival rate (%) 91.67 94.17 90.83 91.67 93.33 93.33 0.83 0.133 0.444 0.551
体重 BW (g) 2429.64 2465.42 2463.23 2432.72 2466.74 2536.31 16.53 0.860 0.112 0.291
日均增重ADG (g) 38.57 39.21 39.05 38.57 39.21 40.32 0.42 0.712 0.145 0.252
料重比 Feed/weight 2.62 2.58 2.59 2.62 2.58 2.52 0.04 0.525 0.311 0.239

Table 8

Effects of dietary VD3 supplemental level on tibial characteristics of yellow-feathered broiler progeny"

项目
Items		 VD3添加水平 VD3 supplemental level (IU·kg-1) SEM P
0 800 1600 2400 3200 4000 VD3 线性 Linear 二次Quadratic
脱脂胫骨比例
Dehydrated and degreased weight/BW (%)		 0.31 0.31 0.35 0.34 0.35 0.34 0.02 0.706 0.213 0.305
骨密度 Bone density (g·cm-3) 0.13b 0.15a 0.14a 0.13b 0.13ab 0.14a 0.01 0.044 0.958 0.741
胫骨折断力 Broking strength of tibia (N) 205.04b 223.66ab 247.94ab 219.34ab 242.63ab 269.99a 11.48 0.010 0.002 0.143

Table 9

Effects of dietary VD3 supplemental level on biochemical variables in plasma of yellow-feathered broiler progeny"

日龄
Days of age		 项目
Items		 VD3添加水平 VD3 supplemental level (IU·kg-1) SEM P
0 800 1600 2400 3200 4000 VD3 线性 Linear 二次 Quadratic
1 钙含量
Calcium content, (mmol·L-1)		 2.33b 2.38ab 2.43ab 2.46a 2.44a 2.48a 0.03 0.002 <0.001 <0.001
磷含量
Phosphorus content (mmol·L-1)		 1.41b 1.64a 1.73a 1.65a 1.60a 1.65a 0.06 <0.001 0.038 0.001
碱性磷酸酶活性
AKP activity (U/100 mL)		 148.23ab 178.67a 96.72c 110.16bc 111.73bc 109.95bc 20.22 0.003 0.008 0.016
21 钙含量
Calcium content, (mmol·L-1)		 2.19 2.15 2.13 2.11 2.07 2.02 0.05 0.069 0.001 0.005
磷含量
Phosphorus content (mmol·L-1)		 1.78 1.74 1.75 1.82 1.69 1.71 0.04 0.164 0.288 0.539
碱性磷酸酶活性
AKP activity (U/100 mL)		 158.89 124.49 141.38 109.29 177.92 142.84 20.96 0.211 0.643 0.690
63 钙含量
Calcium content (mmol·L-1)		 2.22 2.12 2.14 2.28 2.21 2.17 0.05 0.056 0.712 0.928
磷含量
Phosphorus content (mmol·L-1)		 1.84 1.88 1.84 1.82 1.74 1.86 0.05 0.282 0.233 0.470
碱性磷酸酶活性
AKP activity (U/100 mL)		 27.30 36.32 42.96 41.66 24.82 29.14 6.51 0.105 0.797 0.108

Table 10

Estimations of the optimal level of supplemental VD3 based on quadratic regressions"

变量
Variable		 回归曲线
Regression equation		 R2 P
VD3需要量
VD3 requirement (IU·kg-1)
种鸡
Breeder hens		 蛋壳强度Shell strength (kgf) Y = 3.39 - 0.0000000468X2 + 0.000155X 0.172 0.035 1650
蛋壳厚度 Shell thickness (mm) Y = 0.308 - 0.00000000346X2 + 0.0000126X 0.105 0.014 1828
血浆磷含量
Phosphorus content in plasma (mmol·L-1)		 Y = 76.36 - 0.0000000242X2 + 0.0000697X 0.417 0.001 1442
血浆碱性磷酸酶活性
AKP activity in plasma (U/100 mL)		 Y = 76.36 + 0.00000292X2 - 0.0182X 0.349 0.002 3123
1日龄子代鸡
1-d progeny broilers		 血浆钙含量
Calcium content in plasma (mmol·L-1)		 Y = 2.34 - 0.00000000947X2 + 0.0000713X 0.475 <0.001 3768
血浆磷含量
Phosphorus content in plasma (mmol·L-1)		 Y = 1.46 - 0.000000042X2 + 0.000202X 0.298 0.001 2407
血浆碱性磷酸酶活性
AKP activity in plasma (U/100 mL)		 Y = 164.45 + 0.00000468X2 - 0.0326X 0.185 0.016 3489
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