Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2016, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (9): 1657-1671.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.09.003

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Requirement and Their Physiological Efficiency for Winter Wheat Affected by Soil Surface Managements in Dryland

HE Gang1, WANG Zhao-hui1,2, LI Fu-cui1, DAI Jian1, LI Qiang1, XUE Cheng1, CAO Han-bing1, WANG Sen1, LIU Hui1, LUO Lai-chao1, HUANG Ming1   

  1. 1 College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro- environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
    2State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
  • Received:2015-10-08 Online:2016-05-01 Published:2016-05-01

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Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of the study was to determine the effects of soil surface managements on nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) requirements and their physiological efficiencies for the grain yield formation and nutrient accumulation of winter wheat in dryland.【Method】 A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of plastic film mulching (PM), straw mulching (SM), planting green manure (GM), and straw mulching plus planting green manure (SGM) on winter wheat grain yield, grain N, P and K concentrations, their requirements and physiological efficiencies for grain yield formation and nutrient accumulation.【Result】 PM decreased N requirement and increased N physiological efficiency for grain yield formation, and thus increased grain yield by 6%. SM decreased crop N uptake, so it decreased the grain yield by 7%. Grain yield was also decreased by 5% with both the GM and SGM, which could be explained by increased nutrient requirement and decreased physiological efficiency for grain yield formation. Grain N concentration was decreased by 8% with the PM, which was associated with the increased N requirement for grain N accumulation and decreased its physiological efficiency. PM increased crop K uptake, and then increased grain K concentration by 4%. SM decreased grain N concentration by 4%, whereas it increased grain P and K concentration by 6% and 4%, respectively, and this was caused by the decreased P and K requirement, and increased their physiological efficiencies for the grain nutrient accumulation. Grain N concentration was increased by 8% with the GM, which was observed to be linked to the increased N physiological efficiency for grain nutrient accumulation. SGM had no effect on the grain N and P concentration, whereas it increased the grain K concentration by 4% due to the increased K physiological efficiency for grain nutrient accumulation. 【Conclusion】 Overall, PM decreased the N requirement and increased the N physiological efficiency for grain yield formation, thus increased the grain yield. However, PM increased N requirement and decreased its physiological efficiency for grain N accumulation, thus it was an unprofitable measure for increasing grain the N concentration. SM had an adverse impact on crop nutrient uptake, thus inhibited the grain yield formation and its nutrient accumulation. GM and SGM increased the nutrient requirement and decreased the nutrient physiological efficiency for grain yield formation, thus decreased the grain yield. GM was beneficial for increasing the grain N physiological efficiency for grain nutrient accumulation, thus increased the grain N concentration. Therefore, for improving winter wheat grain yield and nutritional quality with the plastic film mulching and straw mulching in dryland, increasing N fertilizer application rate should be a critical strategy. Planting green manure during summer fallow is an effective measure for improving soil fertility, but it has a potential risk of decreasing grain yield. To avoid the yield decrease, annual precipitation and its distribution over seasons should be considered when planting green manure during the fallow season.

Key words: dryland, soil surface management, grain yield, nutrition concentration, nutrient requirement, physiological efficiency

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