高山美利奴育成羊的能量与蛋白质需要量

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.16.015

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study was to determine the energy and protein requirements of Alpine Merino growing sheep, which could provide basic data and theoretical support for the formulation of feeding standards. 【Method】 It was selected that forty eight 14-month old Alpine Merino growing male sheep (n = 24, an initial body weight of 42.96 ± 3.13 kg) and female sheep (n = 24, an initial body weight of 32.85 ± 3.21 kg). The experiment lasted for 40 days, including 5-day transition period, 10-day pre-trial period and 25-day formal period. In the transition period, oat hay was fed in the morning and evening every day, and a small amount of total mixed pellet feed was fed at noon to realize the transition from forage to pellet feed; in the pre-trial period, the sheep were free to eat the whole mixed pellet feed in a single pen, and the feed intake was recorded; in the formal period, the sheep were grouped according to the feed intake of the pre-trial period feeding, growing male and female sheep were divided into 4 groups, fed with 4 levels of free feeding (AL group), 80% (IR80 group), 60% (IR60 group) and 40% (IR40 group) with 6 replicates in each group and 1 sheep in each replicate. In the last five days of the formal period, the digestion and metabolism trials were carried out continuously with the method of total collection of feces and urine. During this period, the feeds, feces and urine of each sheep were accurately recorded and collected. In the last two days, the respiratory calorimetry was carried out by the indirect calorimetry of respiratory mask to determine the growth performance, energy utilization and nitrogen balance indexes. The energy and protein requirements of Alpine Merino growing sheep were obtained by regression analysis. 【Result】 There was no significant difference in the initial weight between the growing male and female sheep (P>0.05). With the decrease of feed intake level, the final weight, average daily gain, dry matter intake, gross energy intake, fecal energy, digestible energy, metabolic energy, retained energy, nitrogen intake, fecal nitrogen, digestible nitrogen, retained nitrogen, retained nitrogen/nitrogen intake and retained nitrogen/digestible nitrogen decreased significantly, that is, AL>IR80>IR60>IR40 (P<0.05). However, feed intake level had significant effect on gas emission of Alpine Merino growing female sheep (P<0.05). Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production of IR40 group were significantly lower than those of the other three groups (P<0.05). With the decrease of feed intake level, the total energy digestibility, total energy metabolic rate and nitrogen apparent digestibility of male sheep increased significantly (P<0.05). The maintenance requirements of NE, ME, the efficiencies of ME utilisation for maintenance, every 1 g·kg ^-1BW^0.75·d^-1 body weight gain, DE, ME and NE of Alpine Merino growing male and female sheep were 227, 213 kJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1, 283, 279 kJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1, 0.80, 0.76, 760, 830 kJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1, 570, 750 kJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1, and 290, 370 kJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1, respectively. Every 1 g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1 body weight gain, the maintenance requirements of net nitrogen, NP_m, CPI and DCP of Alpine Merino growing male and female sheep were 220.8, 190.4 mg·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1, 1.38, 1.19 g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1, 7.75, 6.55 g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1, 6.02, and 4.38 g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1, respectively. 【Conclusion】The results of this study showed that the energy and protein requirements of Alpine Merino sheep were different from the established sheep recommended values, which might be related to factors such as breed, physiological condition, age and environment. In addition, the model established in this study could be used to estimate the energy and protein requirements of Alpine Merino sheep.

Key words: Alpine Merino growing sheep, growth performance, energy, protein, requirements

WANG Chen,ZHANG HongWei,WANG HuCheng,SUN XiaoPing,LI FaDi,YANG BoHui. Energy and Protein Requirements of Alpine Merino Growing Sheep[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(16): 3537-3548.

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References 44

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项目 Items	含量 Content			营养水平 Nutrient levels
项目 Items	育成公羊 Growing male sheep	育成母羊 Growing female sheep		育成公羊 Growing male sheep	育成母羊 Growing female sheep
原料 Ingredients
玉米秸秆 Corn straw	40.00	45.00	代谢能 ME (MJ·kg^-1)	10.69	10.20
苜蓿草粉 Alfalfa hay	10.00	10.00	干物质 DM (风干物质基础)	89.34	90.20
玉米 Corn grain	32.99	31.37	有机物 OM	90.40	89.04
麸皮 Wheat bran	1.00	1.00	中性洗涤纤维 NDF	51.05	44.53
豆粕 Soybean meal	5.61	1.00	酸性洗涤纤维 ADF	24.02	22.88
棉粕 Cottonseed meal	2.00	2.00	粗蛋白质 CP	11.10	9.43
玉米胚芽 Corn germ	1.83	2.40	钙 Ca	0.44	0.50
膨润土 Bentonite	0.75	1.41	总磷 TP	0.31	0.28
糖蜜 Molasses	4.00	4.00
食盐 NaCl	0.71	0.71
预混料 Premix	1.11	1.11
合计 Total	100.00	100.00

性别 Gender	项目 Items	组别 Groups				SEM	P
性别 Gender	项目 Items	AL	IR80	IR60	IR40	SEM	P
育成公羊 Growing male sheep	初重 IBW (kg)	52.33	51.66	49.75	51.17	0.44	0.231
	末重 FBW (kg)	59.30a	56.70a	51.40b	48.17b	1.11	<0.001
	平均日增重 ADG (g·d^-1)	242.65a	172.06bc	51.47d	-95.59e	33.84	<0.001
	干物质采食量 DMI (kg·d^-1)	2.56a	2.18b	1.66c	1.09d	0.12	<0.001
	料重比 F/G	9.09b	12.40b	31.09a	11.26c	4.60	<0.001
育成母羊 Growing female sheep	初重 IBW (kg)	40.17	40.33	39.28	40.08	0.73	0.964
	末重 FBW (kg)	42.42a	42.42a	39.17ab	36.75b	0.76	0.009
	平均日增重 ADG (g·d^-1)	187.50a	115.91a	-5.68b	-153.41c	34.99	<0.001
	干物质采食量 DMI (kg·d^-1)	1.97a	1.68b	1.26c	0.85d	0.09	<0.001
	料重比 F/G	9.57ab	11.78a	-18.23c	-4.55bc	3.42	<0.001

性别 Gender	项目 Items	组别 Groups				SEM	P
性别 Gender	项目 Items	AL	IR80	IR60	IR40	SEM	P
育成公羊 Growing male sheep	氧气 O₂ (L·d^-1)	305.3	346.7	357.24	284.79	14.90	0.282
	二氧化碳 CO₂ (L·d^-1)	312.5	321.81	335.70	251.59	15.68	0.356
	甲烷 CH₄ (L·d^-1)	8.51	9.74	10.80	6.18	1.49	0.763
育成母羊 Growing female sheep	氧气 O₂ (L·d^-1)	283.98a	274.39a	288.06a	224.49b	9.46	0.042
	二氧化碳 CO₂ (L·d^-1)	260.54a	285.36a	267.66a	207.97b	10.93	0.016
	甲烷 CH₄ (L·d^-1)	8.43ab	15.97a	3.90b	3.11b	1.79	0.022

性别 Gender	项目 Items	组别 Groups				SEM	P
性别 Gender	项目 Items	AL	IR80	IR60	IR40	SEM	P
育成公羊 Growing male sheep	食入总能 GEI (MJ·d^-1)	36.74a	32.64b	24.43c	16.60d	2.00	<0.001
	粪能 FE (MJ·d^-1)	16.35a	13.99b	8.80c	5.29d	1.14	<0.001
	尿能 UE (MJ·d^-1)	0.61	0.65	0.77	0.62	0.06	0.79
	甲烷能 CH₄E (MJ·d^-1)	0.34	0.39	0.43	0.24	0.06	0.763
	产热量 HP (MJ·d^-1)	6.42	7.13	7.35	5.77	0.31	0.271
	消化能 DE (MJ·d^-1)	20.39a	18.65b	15.64c	11.31d	0.94	<0.001
	代谢能 ME (MJ·d^-1)	19.44a	17.61a	14.44b	10.44c	0.93	<0.001
	净能 NE (MJ·d^-1)	9.89a	8.96a	7.35b	5.31c	0.48	<0.001
	能量沉积量 RE (MJ·d^-1)	13.02a	10.47a	7.09b	4.67b	0.91	<0.001
	总能消化率 DE/GE (%)	55.42b	57.13b	64.00a	68.11a	1.52	<0.001
	总能代谢率 ME/GE (%)	52.83b	53.95b	59.11ab	62.92a	1.33	0.007
	消化能代谢率 ME/DE (%)	95.31	94.36	92.34	92.37	0.52	0.087
育成母羊 Growing female sheep	食入总能 GEI (MJ·d^-1)	30.69a	24.55b	18.26c	12.38d	1.81	<0.001
	粪能 FE (MJ·d^-1)	12.02a	8.56b	6.30c	3.98d	0.80	<0.001
	尿能 UE (MJ·d^-1)	0.21	0.17	0.18	0.18	0.01	0.866
	甲烷能 CH₄E (MJ·d^-1)	0.33ab	0.63a	0.15b	0.12b	0.07	0.022
	产热量 HP (MJ·d^-1)	5.78	5.75	5.89	4.56	0.22	0.082
	消化能 DE (MJ·d^-1)	18.66a	15.99b	11.96c	8.39d	1.08	<0.001
	代谢能 ME (MJ·d^-1)	18.12a	15.19b	11.62c	8.09d	1.06	<0.001
	净能 NE (MJ·d^-1)	8.94a	7.49b	5.73c	3.99d	0.51	<0.001
	能量沉积量 RE (MJ·d^-1)	12.34a	9.43a	5.73b	3.54b	1.00	<0.001
	总能消化率 DE/GE (%)	60.64	65.14	65.49	67.8	1.21	0.211
	总能代谢率 ME/GE (%)	58.84	61.86	63.63	65.38	1.29	0.346
	消化能代谢率 ME/DE (%)	96.98	94.78	97.17	96.43	0.47	0.267

性别 Gender	项目 Items	组别 Groups				SEM	P
性别 Gender	项目 Items	AL	IR80	IR60	IR40	SEM	P
育成公羊 Growing male sheep	氮采食量 NI (g·d^-1)	39.07a	34.71b	25.98c	17.65d	2.13	<0.001
	粪氮 FN (g·d^-1)	12.33a	10.66a	5.88b	3.31c	0.99	<0.001
	尿氮 UN (g·d^-1)	11.48	11.39	15.22	14.58	0.69	0.074
	消化氮 DN (g·d^-1)	26.74a	24.04a	20.10b	14.34c	1.27	<0.001
	氮表观消化率 NAD (%)	68.33b	69.28b	77.37a	81.25a	1.71	0.003
	沉积氮 RN (g·d^-1)	15.26a	12.65a	4.88b	-0.23c	1.64	<0.001
	沉积氮/氮采食量 RN/IN (%)	39.07a	36.45a	18.79b	-1.33c	4.43	<0.001
	沉积氮/消化氮 RN/DN (%)	57.55a	52.75a	24.30b	-1.65c	6.48	<0.001
育成母羊 Growing female sheep	氮采食量 NI (g·d^-1)	25.73a	20.59b	15.31c	10.38d	1.52	<0.001
	粪氮 FN (g·d^-1)	10.78a	6.88b	3.85c	2.38d	0.84	<0.001
	尿氮 UN (g·d^-1)	8.04b	10.13a	11.34a	10.28a	0.40	0.032
	消化氮 DN (g·d^-1)	14.95a	13.70a	11.46b	8.00c	0.74	<0.001
	氮表观消化率 NAD (%)	57.86c	66.56b	74.84a	77.07a	2.07	<0.001
	沉积氮 RN (g·d^-1)	6.91a	3.57b	0.12c	-2.28d	0.91	<0.001
	沉积氮/氮采食量 RN/IN (%)	26.90a	17.34b	0.77c	-21.99d	4.88	<0.001
	沉积氮/消化氮 RN/DN (%)	46.69a	26.09b	0.99c	-28.38d	7.37	<0.001

Energy and Protein Requirements of Alpine Merino Growing Sheep

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性别 Gender	需要量 Requirements	方程 Equations	相关系数 R²	P
育成公羊 Growing male sheep	维持净能 NE_m (kJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)	LgHP (kJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)=0.0005MEI (kJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)+2.3561	0.9250	<0.001
	维持代谢能 ME_m(kJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)	RE (kJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)= -0.2831+0.9491MEI (kJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)	0.9845	<0.001
	消化能 DE (MJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)	DE(MJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)=0.0275ADG (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)+0.7553	0.9577	<0.001
	代谢能 ME (MJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)	ME (MJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)=0.0301ADG (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)+0.5729	0.9299	<0.001
	净能 NE (MJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)	NE (MJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)=0.0173ADG (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)+0.2927	0.9390	<0.001
育成母羊 Growing female sheep	维持净能 NE_m (kJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)	LgHP (kJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)=0.0005MEI (kJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)+2.3285	0.8452	<0.001
	维持代谢能 ME_m (kJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)	RE (kJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)=-0.2796+0.9423MEI(kJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)	0.9944	<0.001
	消化能 DE (MJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)	DE (MJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)=0.0257ADG (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)+0.8345	0.9517	<0.001
	代谢能 ME (MJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)	ME (MJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)=0.0252ADG (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)+0.7540	0.9440	<0.001
	净能 NE (MJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)	NE (MJ·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)=0.0119ADG (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)+0.3687	0.9610	<0.001

性别 Gender	需要量 Requirements	方程 Equations	相关系数 R²	P
育成公羊 Growing male sheep	维持净蛋白 NP_m (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)	RN (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)=0.5106NI (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)-0.2208	0.9491	<0.001
	粗蛋白 CP (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)	CP (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)=0.3664ADG (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)+7.7499	0.9836	<0.001
	可消化蛋白 DCP (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)	DCP (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)=0.2329ADG (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)+6.0190	0.9699	<0.001
育成母羊 Growing female sheep	维持净蛋白 NP_m (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)	RN (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)=0.3783NI (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)-0.1904	0.9708	<0.001
	粗蛋白 CP (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)	CP (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)=0.2024ADG (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)+6.5494	0.9675	<0.001
	可消化蛋白 DCP (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)	DCP (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)=0.0945ADG (g·kg^-1BW^0.75·d^-1)+4.3766	0.9553	<0.001

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