冬小麦一次性施肥氮肥产品筛选与产量效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.20.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 It is very important to investigate the suitable controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) for different soil types which can provide scientific basis and technical support for one-off application of CRF during wheat production. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of CRF on wheat yield from the perspectives of wheat nutrient uptake and soil nutrient supplying.【Method】Field experiments were conducted at different experimental sites (TA, ZMD, DZ, HZ and SJZ) in three years (2013-2014, 2014-2015 and 2015-2016). There were eight treatments: Control (CON), OPT and CRF (A₁, A₂, B, C, D and E) treatments. 【Result】The field results at TA showed that treatments A₂, C and E were benefit for improving wheat population and increasing grain yield because of the synchronization of nitrogen (N) release with N requirement. The average result of three years showed that, compared with OPT, the early winter tillers, the maximum tillers and the effective tillers of A₂, C and E treatments improved 5.7%-14.7%, 10.9%-22.2% and 4.5%-6.0%, respectively. The yield of A₂, C and E treatments increased 2.6%-4.6%. The three-year results at ZMD showed that nitrogen recovery use efficiency (NRE) and total N uptake under A₂, C and E treatments increased 7.7%-11% and 4.3%-5.3% than OPT treatment, respectively. The field results of SJZ showed that A₂ and D synchronized N release with N requirement of wheat. The average results of three years showed that the NRE and total N uptake of A₂ and D treatments increased by 6.4%-26% and 2.8%-12%, respectively, and the yield increased by 1.7%-5.6% compared with the OPT treatment. The results at DZ and HZ showed that A₂ maintained high yield of wheat in three consecutive years compared with OPT. The application effect of other CRF treatments varied greatly from year to year, but with the implementation of the experiment, the application effect had been stable year by year. Compared with OPT treatment, the yield of A₂ and C treatments at DZ and HZ in 2015-2016 improved 1.4%-8.3% and 1.5%-4.8%, respectively. Overall, A₂ and C showed a steady trend of grain yield increase compared with OPT.【Conclusion】The application effect of CRF varied with soil type. The synchronization of N release in the field with N requirement of wheat was essential to improve yield.

Key words: controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers, soil types, nitrogen requirement, nutrient release, spatio-temporal matching

XiaoBin WU, DeShui TAN, HaiTao LIN, GuoLiang ZHU, ZiShuang LI, AiLing HE, JianHua GUO, ZhaoHui LIU. Yield Effect and Nitrogen Fertilizer Screening of One-off Application of Controlled Release Fertilizer for Winter Wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(20): 3863-3875.

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Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig. 1

Table 5

Yield components of wheat across different experimental sites (TA, DZ and ZMD), different years (2013-2016) and all N treatments"

处理 Treatment	穗数(×10⁴) spikes/(666.7 m²)			穗粒数Grains/spike			千粒重1000-grain weight (g)
处理 Treatment	2013-2014	2014-2015	2015-2016	2013-2014	2014-2015	2015-2016	2013-2014	2014-2015	2015-2016
泰安 TA
对照 CON	43.5d	39.8c	44.0b	30.4ab	34.9c	31.6b	45.9bc	39.2a	47.5a
优化施肥 OPT	45.9cd	44.7ab	49.9a	32.2a	36.7bc	34.3a	46.5ab	37.9bc	44.3bc
控释氮肥A₁ (A₁)	47.2bc	42.9bc	49.4a	31.1ab	38.7ab	34.2a	44.7c	37.0bc	44.9bc
控释氮肥A₂ (A₂)	50.3a	46.1ab	50.3a	29.9b	38.8ab	33.8ab	46.2abc	37.8abc	44.0c
控释氮肥B (B)	48.7abc	45.9ab	50.9a	30.9ab	37.8ab	35.2a	47.5a	38.5ab	45.2b
控释氮肥C (C)	50.4a	47.1a	51.3a	30.1ab	39.6a	34.6a	46.0abc	37.9abc	44.9bc
控释氮肥D (D)	49.8ab	44.0ab	51.1a	31.2ab	38.5ab	34.4a	44.9c	36.4c	45.0bc
控释氮肥E (E)	50.0ab	45.4ab	51.8a	29.9b	38.2ab	34.6a	45.8bc	38.6ab	44.9bc
德州 DZ
对照 CON	21.2d	11.5b	11.5d	17.7d	11.8d	15.3c	41.0b	39.0c	41.9c
优化施肥 OPT	24.0bc	21.2a	21.2bc	36.0a	27.3c	27.8b	51.2a	48.7a	52.9a
控释氮肥A₁ (A₁)	24.7b	21.8a	21.8ab	29.0c	27.8bc	29.3ab	52.9a	45.6b	50.0b
控释氮肥A₂ (A₂)	25.8a	20.6a	22.7a	30.0bc	27.4c	29.0ab	53.1a	48.8a	49.7b
控释氮肥B (B)	24.7b	21.8a	20.5bc	31.3b	29.7ab	29.0ab	51.0a	46.7ab	50.4ab
控释氮肥C (C)	24.4b	21.6a	20.4bc	30.0bc	30.4a	29.4a	53.3a	46.4ab	49.8b
控释氮肥D (D)	23.2c	20.5a	20.5bc	28.7c	29.1abc	29.2ab	53.8a	47.8ab	51.3ab
控释氮肥E (E)	23.8c	21.0a	20.3c	28.7c	30.8a	29.8a	53.3a	49.3a	49.7b
驻马店 ZMD
对照 CON	31.5b	31.6b	31.5b	35.3b	34.8b	35.0b	40.5b	40.3b	40.3b
优化施肥 OPT	37.5a	37.5a	39.2a	36.3a	36.3a	36.7a	41.8b	41.5b	42.5a
控释氮肥A₁ (A₁)	37.6a	37.3a	37.2a	36.2a	36.0a	35.8a	42.6a	42.6a	42.5a
控释氮肥A₂ (A₂)	38.2a	37.9a	38.0a	36.4a	36.2a	36.0a	42.8a	42.6a	42.5a
控释氮肥B (B)	37.8a	37.8a	37.7a	36.3a	36.3a	36.2a	42.6a	42.6a	42.6a
控释氮肥C (C)	39.0a	38.8a	38.7a	36.3a	36.3a	36.0a	42.5ab	42.3ab	42.2ab
控释氮肥D (D)	38.5a	38.0a	38.2a	36.2a	36.2a	36.4a	42.5ab	42.4ab	42.2ab
控释氮肥E (E)	38.4a	38.8a	39.2a	36.5a	36.5a	36.5a	42.6a	42.6a	42.3ab

Table 5

Fig. 2

Table 6

Fig. 3

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试验地点 Experimental sites	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	土壤类型 Soil type	年均气温 Mean temperature (℃)	年均降水量 Average rainfall (mm)	小麦品种 Wheat variety
泰安Tai’an (TA)	117°08′ E, 36°11′ N	砂姜黑土Shajiang black soil	13.6	903.2	鲁麦22 Lumai 22
德州Dezhou (DZ)	116°20′ E, 37°21′ N	潮土Fluvo-aquic soil	12.9	547.5	济麦22 Jimai 22
驻马店Zhumadian (ZMD)	114°05′ E, 33°26′ N	砂姜黑土Shajiang black soil	15.5	784.8	新农979 Xinnong 979
菏泽Heze (HZ)	115°29′ E, 35°09′ N	潮土Fluvo-aquic soil	13.7	655.7	矮抗58 Aikang 58
石家庄Shijiazhuang (SJZ)	114°23′ E, 38°08′ N	褐土Cinnamon soil	12.0	560.0	邢麦6号 Xingmai 6

试验地点 Experimental sites	pH	有机质 Organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	无机氮 N_min(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 available K (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Olsen-P (mg·kg^-1)
泰安TA	6.99	17.0	1.6	—	175	47.5
德州DZ	8.01	7.2	1.4	—	77.2	25.9
驻马店ZMD	6.20	15.1	1.1	—	164	13.7
菏泽HZ	8.10	12.3	—	18.3	105	13.9
石家庄SJZ	8.50	17.4	1.1	—	132	44.9

因素 Factor	产量Yield		吸氮量N uptake		氮肥表观回收率NRE
因素 Factor	df	F	df	F	df	F
年份Year	2	16.8***	2	9.18***	2	94.9***
地点Site	4	460***	1	1320***	1	1069***
处理Treatment	7	294***	7	296***	6	5.77***
年份×地点 (Year×Site)	8	7.82***	2	0.07ns	2	143***
年份×处理 (Year×Treatment)	14	2.74***	14	2.78**	12	1.30ns
地点×处理 (Site×Treatment)	28	20.2***	7	25.5***	6	10.3***
年份×地点×处理 (Year×Site×Treatment)	56	2.83***	14	3.78***	12	1.89*

处理 Treatment	泰安 TA			德州 DZ
处理 Treatment	2013-2014	2014-2015	2015-2016	2013-2014		2014-2015		2015-2016
冬前分蘖Early winter tillers (×10⁴ tillers/667m²)
对照 CON	47.6bc	74.0c	75.4c	50.3b		46.9b		47.9b
优化施肥 OPT	43.6c	82.1b	78.4c	71.9a		66.9a		67.4a
控释氮肥A₁ (A₁)	44.8c	81.5b	78.1c	71.9a		66.9a		68.1a
控释氮肥A₂ (A₂)	56.9a	87.8a	89.2a	74.1a		68.9a		69.6a
控释氮肥B (B)	44.2c	82.4ab	80.5bc	69.0a		64.3a		64.8a
控释氮肥C (C)	49.2abc	85.0ab	81.5bc	65.4a		60.9a		64.4a
控释氮肥D (D)	51.0abc	86.2ab	87.7ab	68.3a		63.6a		66.7a
控释氮肥E (E)	55.8bc	88.1a	80.9bc	67.6a		62.9a		66.4a
最大分蘖Maximum tillers (×10⁴ tillers/667m²)
对照 CON	91.4d	115c	103d	58.5d	54.5d		62.7e
优化施肥 OPT	118c	119c	105cd	83.9abc	78.1abc		85.7ab
控释氮肥A₁ (A₁)	142ab	142b	110bc	96.8a	90.1a		91.8a
控释氮肥A₂ (A₂)	119c	148ab	114abc	91.5ab	85.2ab		90.9a
控释氮肥B (B)	124c	156a	113abc	82.1bc	76.4bc		81.2bc
控释氮肥C (C)	135b	143b	116ab	73.7c	68.6c		69.6de
控释氮肥D (D)	145a	156a	120ab	81.2bc	75.6bc		75.7cd
控释氮肥E (E)	140ab	156a	122a	76.1c	70.9c		72.7cd
有效分蘖Effective tillers (×10⁴ tillers/667m²)
对照 CON	43.5d	39.8c	44.0b	21.2d	11.5b		12.8b
优化施肥 OPT	45.9cd	44.7ab	49.9a	24.0bc	21.2a		21.8a
控释氮肥A₁ (A₁)	47.2bc	42.9bc	49.4a	24.7b	21.8a		21.9a
控释氮肥A₂ (A₂)	50.3a	46.1ab	50.3a	25.8a	20.6a		21.8a
控释氮肥B (B)	48.7abc	45.9ab	50.9a	24.7b	21.8a		21.1a
控释氮肥C (C)	50.4a	47.1a	51.3a	24.4b	21.6a		20.4a
控释氮肥D (D)	49.8ab	44.0ab	51.1a	23.2c	20.5a		22.3a
控释氮肥E (E)	50.0ab	45.4ab	51.8a	23.8bc	21.0a		21.3a

Yield Effect and Nitrogen Fertilizer Screening of One-off Application of Controlled Release Fertilizer for Winter Wheat

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试验地点 Experimental sites		N (kg·hm^-2)			P₂O₅ (kg·hm^-2)	K₂O (kg·hm^-2)
试验地点 Experimental sites		播前BS	拔节期JS	总量Total	P₂O₅ (kg·hm^-2)	K₂O (kg·hm^-2)
泰安 TA	CON	0	0	0	105	75
	OPT	112.5	112.5	225	105	75
	CRF (A₁-E)	225	0	225	105	75
德州 DZ	CON	0	0	0	105	75
	OPT	112.5	112.5	225	105	75
	CRF (A₁-E)	225	0	225	105	75
驻马店 ZMD	CON	0	0	0	90	90
	OPT	97.5	97.5	195	90	90
	CRF (A₁-E)	195	0	195	90	90
菏泽 HZ	CON	0	0	0	135	67.5
	OPT	134.4	105.6	240	135	67.5
	CRF (A₁-E)	240	0	240	135	67.5
石家庄 SJZ	CON	0	0	0	90	80
	OPT	100	100	200	90	80
	CRF (A₁-E)	200	0	200	90	80

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