Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (14): 2952-2964.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.14.003

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Cytological Characters Analysis and Low-Resolution Mapping of Stripe-Leaf MutantA36-S in Foxtail Millet

ZHANG Shuo1,2(),ZHI Hui1,TANG ChanJuan1,LUO MingZhao1,TANG Sha1,JIA GuanQing1,JIA YanChao1,DIAO XianMin1()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081
    2Food Crop Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064
  • Received:2020-12-11 Accepted:2021-02-01 Online:2021-07-16 Published:2021-07-26
  • Contact: XianMin DIAO E-mail:zhangshuo0728@126.com;diaoxianmin@caas.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】 Foxtail millet is a C4 model plant, and its leaf color mutants are good materials for C4 photosynthetic pathway research. Through the cytological characters analysis and gene initial mapping of the stripe-leaf mutant A36-S in foxtail millet, it laid the foundation for cloning the mutant gene, analyzing the chloroplast biogenesis and development, and further understanding the C4 photosynthetic regulation mechanism in foxtail millet. 【Method】 The stripe-leaf mutant of foxtail millet A36-S was naturally mutated from intermediate material A36 created by breeding. Comparing the phenotypic characteristics of A36-S and its isogenic line A36-N, which showed normal phenotypes, and investigating the agronomic traits, such as plant height, leaf width, leaf length, panicle weight, thousand-grain weight, and seed setting rate. To analyze the photosynthetic characters of A36-S, the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of A36-S and A36-Nwere determined. By observing the leaf transverse section and ultrathin section of A36-S and the control variety Yugu1, the leaf anatomical structure characters were analyzed, by counting the numbers and areas of the chloroplasts in mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells respectively, the chloroplast biogenesis and development were assessed. An F2 segregation population of A36-S×SSR41 were created, and genetic analysis was conducted by counting the number of normal phenotype single plant and stripe-leaf single plant in the population. The DNA mixed pools of normal single plants and stripe-leaf single plants of the F2 segregation population were constructed separately, and the method of Bulked Segregation Analysis (BSA) was used to locate the mutant gene. By screening the stripe-leaf plants in the F2 generation using SSR and In-Del markers, the mutant gene were furtherly located.【Result】The stripe-leaf mutant of foxtail millet A36-S showed the phenotype of irregular white stripe-leaf in the whole growth period. Agronomic traits analysis showed that compared with its isogenic line A36-N, A36-S decreased significantly in plant height, leaf width, panicle weight, thousand-grain weight, and setting percentage. Photosynthetic index measurement showed that the chlorophyll contents of A36-S were also reduced significantly, especially the chlorophyll b content declined more severely, additionally, the net photosynthetic rate was also decreased significantly. Observation of the leaf anatomical structure showed that the chloroplasts number and area were significantly lower than that of the contrast Yugu1, while the changes in Kranz structure were not obvious. Furtherly, the ultrastructure of chloroplast was observed and showed that the chloroplast development situation in different cells was quite different. And the leaf cells ofA36-S could be classified into three types: type Ⅰ cells had normal chloroplasts, type Ⅱ cells had chloroplasts with reduced grana and lamellar structures, while type Ⅲ cells had severely abnormal chloroplasts or even had no chloroplast. Genetic analysis suggested that the stripe-leaf trait of A36-S was controlled by a single recessive gene, and the mutant gene was located to the region from 7.66 Mb to 27.90 Mb of chromosome 4 by F2 population. 【Conclusion】 Stripe-leaf mutant of foxtail millet A36-S represented decreased agronomic traits and photosynthetic capacity, and the number, size, and ultrastructure of leaf cell chloroplast were significantly abnormal. The stripe-leaf trait of A36-S was controlled by a single recessive gene, which was mapped to a region from 7.66 Mb to 27.90 Mb of chromosome 4.

Key words: Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv., stripe-leaf mutant, chloroplast, gene mapping

Fig. 1

Phenotypes of A36-S and its isogenic line A36-N A: Plants of heading stage; B: Leaves of heading stage; C: The detail of leaves in heading stage; D: Matured panicles"

Table 1

Comparation of main agronomic traits between A36-S and A36-N "

农艺性状 Agronomic traits A36-N A36-S P值 P-value 相比A36-N Compared to A36-N (%)
株高Plant height (cm) 94.58±3.00 80.32±6.42 0.001001 -15.08**
叶长Leaf length (cm) 28.42±0.86 28.48±1.39 0.468343 0.21
叶宽Leaf width (cm) 2.52±0.16 1.88±0.19 0.000239 -25.40**
茎节数Stem nodes number 11.00±0.71 10.40±0.55 0.086002 -5.45
穗长Panicle length (cm) 19.80±1.30 18.52±0.69 0.044184 -6.46*
穗粗Panicle diameter (cm) 2.98±0.13 2.84±0.19 0.109332 -4.70
单株穗数Panicle number per plant 2.20±0.84 2.20±0.84 0.500000 0.00
主穗重Weight of main panicle (g) 13.53±1.86 10.31±2.20 0.018266 -23.82*
码数Branch number 20.00±2.55 21.60±1.14 0.118035 8.00
千粒重Thousand-grain weight (g) 2.78±0.08 2.55±0.11 0.011091 -8.27*
结实率Seed setting rate (%) 68.54±3.60 42.46±10.05 0.000285 -38.34**

Fig. 2

Chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic parameters of A36-S and A36-N "

Fig. 3

Leaf transverse sections of Yugu1 and A36-S A: Leaf transverse section of Yugu1 (Bar = 50 μm); B: Leaf transverse section of A36-S (Bar=50 μm); Red arrows showed normal chloroplasts of mesophyll cells; Blue arrows showed normal chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells; Red stars showed the mesophyll cells containing no chloroplast; Blue stars show the bundle sheath cells containing no chloroplast "

Fig. 4

Chloroplast number and area of Yugu1 and A36-S "

Fig. 5

Ultrastructure of Yugu1 and A36-S chloroplast A: Chloroplast of Yugu1 bundle sheath cell; B: Chloroplast of Yugu1 mesophyll cell; C: Type Ⅰ bundle sheath cells of A36-S; D: Type Ⅰ mesophyll cells of A36-S; E: Chloroplast in type Ⅱ bundle sheath cells of A36-S; F: Chloroplast in type Ⅱ mesophyll cells of A36-S; G: Type Ⅲ cell of A36-S; H: Chloroplast in type Ⅲ cell of A36-S, white arrows showed the foam-like structure; SG: Starch granules; SL: Stroma lamella; GR: Grana; CLP: Chloroplast "

Table 2

Segregation of F2 population from the cross between A36-Sand SSR41 "

父母本
Parents 		总株数
Population number 		正常植株
Number of normal plants 		条纹叶植株
Number of stripe-leaf plants 		χ2 χ20.05
A36-S×SSR41 585 455 130 2.41 3.84

Fig. 6

SSR markers linked with the mutant gene ♀: A36-Smutant; ♂: SSR41; F1: A36-S×SSR41; P: DNA pool of stripe-leaf individuals from F2 population "

Table 3

Detection results of 40 F2 stripe-leaf plants "

单株号
Code 		In4-3
(2 485 441 bp) 		InDel 14[25]
(4 232 606 bp) 		SiCAAS4019[31]
(9 999 146 bp) 		SiCAAS4033[31]
(23 483 301 bp) 		SiCAAS4034[31]
(30 398 635 bp)
3 H S S S S
7 H H S S S
9 S S S S H
11 H S S S S
12 H S S S S
14 H S S S S
18 H S S S S
22 H S S S S
27 H H S S S
29 H S S S S
30 H H S S S
31 H H S S S
32 H S S S S
36 H H S S S

Table 4

Markers used in gene mapping and number of recombinant individuals"

标记名称
Marker name 		位置
Location (bp) 		引物序列
Primer sequence (5’-3’) 		交换株数量
Number of recombinant individuals
In4-3 2485441 F：GTATTCCCATGTTCGACGCGC
R：GTCGGTTATTAGTTGACTTGTTGTG 		167
InDel 14[25] 4232606 F：TACTCATTGCATCCCCTTCAGCAGC
R：CACTGGATAACGCATGGACTGACTA 		105
In4-17 6847221 F：TGATGCCTTACTCCAGATTTCCAGC
R：GATGCATACTCAATACTCTCTAGCA 		26
In4-20 7661828 F：GACTGTGAGGAGCCGCGTGTAC
R：GGCTCTCTCCCCTAACCGGC 		1
In4-21 7873802 F：TGCTTCCCCAAATCAGTCTTTTAGT
R：GGGACACCTTAGAAACAAAACCAGA 		0
In4-29 23538740 F：AGAAGGACTGCTTTGATCTGGC
R：GCCGCACACCATTTTGCATTACCT 		0
In4-32 27896330 F：GCAATCGTCGTACACTACTCCA
R：GTAGCCAAGTGGTCATTGTTTT 		4
In4-33 30243701 F：GGTTGTCTTGTGTGTTCT
R：GACAGGCTTCAAGATAAG 		15
SiCAAS4034[31] 30398635 F：CGGTGGGGTACATCGATCCTGCGACAT
R：TTTTCCCTTGAATGGCACGCTGCCGGG 		18
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