Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (1): 213-223.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.01.016

• ANIMAL SCIENCE·VETERINARY SCIENCE·RESOURCE INSECT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of the Heterozygous Sex-Linked Dwarf Gene on Fat Deposition in Normal Type Chickens

ZHU XingHao(),CHEN Qing,SHAO BingHao,GUO YuJun,ZHANG XiangLi,DU PengFei,ZHU Yao,HUANG YanQun(),CHEN Wen   

  1. College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002
  • Received:2020-01-02 Accepted:2020-11-16 Online:2021-01-01 Published:2021-01-13
  • Contact: YanQun HUANG E-mail:810606740@qq.com;hyanqun@aliyun.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to to investigate the effect of the heterozygous sex-linked dwarf gene on fat deposition of chickens, so as to provide a theory base for producing quality chicken and local chichen by using dwarf gene. 【Method】 In this study, the normal size Gushi chicken and Guangxi Yao chicken rooster (ZDWZDW) were chosen to cross with the normal type hens (ZDWW) and the dwarf hens (ZdwW), respectively, and their offspring were raised under the same condition. 100 chickens (half male and half female) were randomly selected from each hybrid at the ages of 60 days, 90 days and 120 days for body measurement index, respectively. 10 chickens (half male and half female) were randomly selected from the hybrid populations of Gushi chickens to determine the dynamic change of body fat at 60 days and 90 days, respectively. In addition, 10 chickens (half male and half female) were selected from the hybrid populations of Gushi chickens and Guangxi Yao chickens at 120 days to determine the body fat deposition of different populations. The serum biochemical indexes were measured by using automatic biochemical analyzer, the content of intramuscular fat in breast muscle and leg muscle was determined by the Soxhlet extraction method, and the diameter and density of muscle fibers were measured by the paraffin section. 【Result】 The results showed that the offspring were normal in body size, and the male and female offspring from the normal type of female parent presented different characteristics of fat deposition with age. The female body fat indexes including abdominal fat weight, percent of abdominal fat, subcutaneous fat thickness and intermuscular fat width, which were all kept at a low level at 60 days, and increased significantly at the age of 120 days, while the male body fat maintained at low levels. In the meantime, the male and female offspring the dwarf type of female parent presented a similar dynamic change of fat deposition with age, and the body fat levels of the male and the female offspring at 120 days were significantly higher than that at 60 days and 90 days. However, the body fat change of the male offspring from the dwarf type of female parent (the heterozygote of dw) was different from that of the normal type of female parent (the homozygous of DW), whose abdominal fat weight, percent of abdominal fat, subcutaneous fat thickness and intermuscular fat width were significantly higher than that of the normal type of female parent at 90 and 120 days. Combining the data of body fat between Gushi chickens and Guangxi Yao chickens for 120 days, the result showed that population factor was significant for abdominal fat weight, percent of abdominal fat, intermuscular fat width and subcutaneous fat thickness. The abdominal fat weight, percent of abdominal fat, intermuscular fat width and subcutaneous fat thickness of the males from the dwarf type of female parent were significantly higher than that of the normal type of female parent (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein between the population (from the normal type of female parent and the dwarf type of female parent). There was no significant difference in the IMF content of the breast muscle in the female offspring from the normal type of female parent and the dwarf type of female parent. The breast muscle IMF content of male from the dwarf type of female parent was significantly higher than that from the normal type of female parent (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in muscle fiber characteristics, including muscle fiber density, muscle fiber area and muscle fiber diameter between the offspring of the normal type of female parent and the dwarf type of female parent. 【Conclusion】The results showed that the heterozygous dwarf gene changed the characteristics of fat deposition in the males, and it could significantly increase the deposition of abdominal fat, subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat and breast IMF content in the male. The heterozygous dwarf gene had no significant effect on blood lipid index and the characteristics of muscle fibers.

Key words: chicken, sex-linked dwarf gene, fatty deposition, muscle fiber characteristics, lipid levels

Table 1

Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (%)"

营养指标
Nutrition indicators		 0-7周龄
0-7 weeks		 8-17周龄
8-17 weeks		 营养水平
Nutrient level		 0-7周龄
0-7 weeks		 8-17周龄
8-17 weeks
玉米 Corn grain (%) 33.65 55.17 代谢能 ME（MJ·Kg-1） 11.28 12.17
43%豆粕 43% soybean meal (%) 6.50 — 粗蛋白 CP (%) 14.94 13.31
46%豆粕 46% soybean meal (%) 13.65 9.91 钙 Ca (%) 1.00 0.74
米糠油 Rice bran oil (%) — 2.00 总磷 TP (%) 0.60 0.47
玉米蛋白饲料 Corn protein feed (%) 16.50 2.21 有效磷 A-P (%) 0.09 0.10
玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal (%) 1.50 0.87 赖氨酸 Lysine (%) 0.87 0.62
次粉 Wheat middling and reddog (%) 24.00 20.00 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸 Methionine + Cystine (%) 0.68 0.59
石粉 Stone powder (%) 1.53 1.44
干酒槽及其可溶物 DDGs (%) — 6.00
磷酸氢钙 NaHCo3 (%) 1.20 0.57
99%蛋氨酸 99% Methionine (%) 0.15 0.13
98%赖氨酸 98% Lysine (%) 0.30 —
预混料 Premix 1) (%) 1.02 1.70
合计 Total 100.00 100.00

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of hybrid genetic pattern"

Table 2

Comparison of body measurement traits among different populations at different ages"

日龄
Age		 项目
Project		 性别
Gender		 群体 Population 显著性Significant
母本矮小型
The dwarf type of female parent		 母本正常型
The normal type of female parent		 群体
Population		 性别
Gender		 群体×性别
Population×Gender
60 胫长
Shank length (mm)		 公Male 69.19±4.81*## 67.91±4.83## 0.000 0.000 0.128
母Female 64.26±4.72** 61.73±4.66
胫围
Shank circumference (cm)		 公Male 3.60±0.26**## 3.43±0.29## 0.000 0.000 0.766
母Female 3.27±0.22** 3.12±0.21
90 胫长
Shank length (mm)		 公Male 87.59±7.42## 86.79±6.25## 0.008 0.000 0.325
母Female 75.88±4.82** 74.13±4.91
胫围
Shank circumference (cm)		 公Male 4.11±0.25*## 3.95±0.25## 0.000 0.000 0.996
母Female 3.67±0.20** 3.51±0.23
120 胫长
Shank length (mm)		 公Male 94.99±5.49## 94.00±5.79## 0.004 0.000 0.520
母Female 77.55±4.96** 76.00±5.15
胫围
Shank circumference (cm)		 公Male 4.57±0.24*## 4.41±0.28## 0.000 0.000 0.684
母Female 3.98±0.22** 3.80±0.21

Fig. 2

Dynamic changes of body fat deposition in different periods of hybrid offspring of Gushi chickens A. Abdominal fat weight; B. Percentage of abdominal fat; C. Subcutaneous fat thickness; D. Intermuscular fat width; In different groups of the same age and sex, * means significant difference (P<0.05), ** means extremely significant difference (P<0.01); In different age of the same population and sex, different lowercase letters means significant difference (P<0.05); In different sex of the same age and population, ## means extremely significant difference (P<0.01). Percent of abdominal fat= abdominal fat weight/ body weight×100%"

Table 3

Effects of sex and population on fat deposition capacity of chicken cross combinations on 120 days"

项目
Project		 性别
Gender		 群体Population 显著性Significant
母本矮小型
The dwarf type of female parent		 母本正常型
The normal type of female parent		 群体Population 性别
Gender		 群体×性别
Population×Gender
活重
Live weight (kg)		 公Male 2.09±0.15**## 1.78±0.24 0.000 0.000 0.466
母Female 1.71±0.20**## 1.48±0.18
腹脂重
Abdominal fat weight (g)		 公Male 27.15±23.02** 3.50±7.17 0.004 0.001 0.152
母Female 37.22±26.68 28.86±19.53##
腹脂率
Percentage of abdominal fat (%)		 公Male 1.83±1.55** 0.27±0.54 0.033 0.000 0.095
母Female 3.02±1.97 2.83±1.79##
肌间脂肪宽
Intermuscular fat width (mm)		 公Male 9.89±3.97** 4.88±3.18 0.000 0.000 0.138
母Female 12.11±3.89 9.94±3.38##
皮下脂肪厚
Subcutaneous fat thickness (mm)		 公Male 5.43±1.45** 4.16±1.09 0.051 0.002 0.025
母Female 5.72±0.73 5.81±1.12##

Table 4

The interaction of sex and population on serum biochemical indexes of chicken cross combinations on 120 days"

项目
Project		 性别
Gender		 群体 Population 显著性Significant
母本矮小型
The dwarf type of female parent		 母本正常型
The normal type of female parent		 群体
Population		 性别
Gender		 群体×性别
Population×Gender
总胆固醇
TC (mmol·L-1)		 公 Male 2.41±0.48 2.72±0.61 0.531 0.249 0.787
母Female 2.91±0.79 3.03±2.12
甘油三酯
TG (mmol·L-1)		 公Male 0.29±0.06 0.30±0.09 0.539 0.023 0.541
母Female 2.59±2.56## 4.22±8.77
低密度脂蛋白
LDL (mmol·L-1)		 公Male 0.75±0.25 0.96±0.29 0.943 0.082 0.139
母Female 1.19±0.79 0.99±0.38
高密度脂蛋白
HDL (mmol·L-1)		 公Male 1.55±0.27 1.59±0.31## 0.581 0.001 0.373
母Female 1.27±0.38 1.13±0.42

Table 5

Effects of sex and population on intramuscular fat content of chicken cross combinations on 120 days"

项目
Project		 性别
Gender		 群体 Population 显著性 Significant
母本矮小型
The dwarf type of female parent		 母本正常型
The normal type of female parent		 群体Population 性别
Gender		 群体×性别
Population×Gender
腿肌IMF
The IMF of leg muscle (%)		 公Male 6.31±1.26 5.04±2.48 0.076 0.499 0.542
母Female 6.34±1.85 5.72±2.26
胸肌IMF
The IMF of breast muscle (%)		 公Male 5.77±2.19* 3.45±2.39 0.017 0.411 0.215
母Female 5.51±2.27 4.75±2.80

Fig. 3

Intramuscular fat content of chicken breast muscle and leg muscle in hybrid combination at 120 days * mean significant difference (P<0.05)"

Table 6

Effects of sex and population on breast muscle fiber of chicken cross combinations on 120 days"

项目
Project		 性别
Gender		 群体Population 显著性Significant
母本矮小型
The dwarf type of female parent		 母本正常型
The normal type of female parent		 群体
Population		 性别
Gender		 群体×性别
Population×Gender
肌纤维密度
Density of muscle fiber (根/mm2)		 公Male 474.33±91.01 508.76±154.20 0.089 0.018 0.542
母Female 380.53±85.11 452.66±97.41
肌纤维面积
Area of muscle fiber (μm2)		 公Male 1229.82±340.91 1190.59±414.89 0.509 0.088 0.778
母Female 1438.52±363.63# 1340.72±364.60
肌纤维直径
Muscle fiber diameter (μm)		 公Male 38.56±5.37 37.65±6.69 0.483 0.064 0.894
母Female 41.78±5.35 40.44±5.37
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