施氮与刈割留茬高度对草场生产力及植物群落组成的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.13.011

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to improve soil nutrients in haying steppe, to increase grassland productivity, and to maintain sustainable utilize of grassland. 【Method】 Five nitrogen application levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g N·m^-2·a^-1) and two mowing heights (4 and 8 cm) were set in the haying field of Hulunbuir Grassland Agro-ecosystem Experiment Station with spit-plot design, which was carried out in mid-June and mid-August from 2016 to 2019, respectively, and the responses of nitrogen application and clipping height to community and plant functional group’s species richness and aboveground biomass, crucial species’ important value, dominant species’ functional traits, and soil properties were investigated. 【Result】 The results showed that nitrogen application and mowing height had no significant effect on community and plant functional group’s species richness (P<0.05). Nitrogen application significantly increased the aboveground biomass of grasses and community by 69.2%-115.3% and 36.5%-84.8%, respectively (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference within 10-40 g·m^-2·a^-1. Lower cutting height significantly reduced the aboveground biomass of grasses by 18.3% (P<0.05). Nitrogen application significantly increased and reduced the important value of Leymus chinensis and Bromus inermis, respectively (P<0.05). Lower mowing height significantly reduced the important value of Leymus chinensis, which increased the value of Bromus inermis; nitrogen application increased the important value of Leymus chinensis, which reduced the important value of Bromus inermis(P<0.05). Lower cutting height significantly increased the important value of Potentilla bifurca and Potentilla acaulis and reduced the important value of Cleistogenes squarrosa (P<0.05). Nitrogen addition significantly increased the plant height, leaf area and shoot nitrogen content of Bromus inermis and Leymus chinensis (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference within 20-40 g·m^-2·a^-1. The soil pH and soil water content decreased significantly along with the increase of nitrogen application rate, while NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N and inorganic nitrogen (ION) in soil increased (P<0.05). The species richness of community, grasses and nongraminous forbs was positively correlated with soil water content, while the aboveground biomass of community and grasses was negatively correlated with soil water content (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Short-term nitrogen application and suitable clipping height were beneficial to improve vegetation productivity and maintain community composition, and the effects of nitrogen addition were strongly dependent on water availability. It was suggested that the suitable mowing height of grassland in Hulunber haying meadow steppe was 8 cm, and the comfortable nitrogen application rate was 10-20 g·m^-2·a^-1.

Key words: nitrogen application, mowing, haying meadow steppe, functional group, functional traits, species richness, biomass, Hulunber

WANG KaiLi,YANG HeLong,XIAO Hong,SUN Wei,RONG YuPing. Effects of Nitrogen Application and Clipping Height on Vegetation Productivity and Plant Community Composition of Haying Meadow Steppe[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(13): 2625-2636.

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变异来源 Source of variation	无芒雀麦 B. inermis			羊草 L. chinensis
变异来源 Source of variation	株高 Plant height	叶面积 Leaf area	地上部氮素含量 Aboveground nitrogen content	株高 Plant height	叶面积 Leaf area	地上部氮素含量 Aboveground nitrogen content
刈割Mowing	0.012	NS	NS	NS	NS	0.012
施氮Nitrogen application	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
年份Year	<0.001	—	NS	<0.001	—	NS
刈割×施氮M×N	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
刈割×年份M×Y	NS	—	NS	NS	—	NS
施氮×年份N×Y	<0.001	—	NS	<0.001	—	NS
刈割×施氮×年份M×N×Y	NS	—	NS	NS	—	NS

变异来源 Source of variation	pH	含水量 Water content	全氮 TN	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N	硝态氮 NO₃^--N	总无机氮 ION	有机碳 SOC	碳氮比 C/N
刈割Mowing	NS	NS	<0.001	NS	NS	NS	0.029	NS
施氮Nitrogen application	<0.001	<0.001	NS	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	NS	NS
年份Year	0.036	<0.001	NS	—	—	—	<0.001	0.007
刈割×施氮M×N	NS	NS	0.044	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
刈割×年份M×Y	NS	NS	NS	—	—	—	NS	NS
施氮×年份N×Y	0.025	0.042	NS	—	—	—	NS	NS
刈割×施氮×年份M×N×Y	NS	NS	NS	—	—	—	NS	NS

年份 Year	施氮梯度 N gradient	pH值 pH value	含水量 Water content (%)	全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	总无机氮 ION (mg·kg^-1)	有机碳 SOC (g·kg^-1)	碳氮比 C/N
2017	N0	6.89±0.06a	20.31±1.26a	3.18±0.11a	1.01±0.18c	8.29±1.83c	9.30±1.99c	34.82±1.16a	11.02±0.39a
	N1	6.76±0.05ab	18.80±0.81a	3.18±0.13a	0.82±0.08c	12.58±1.31b	13.41±1.32b	33.65±1.65a	10.61±0.36ab
	N2	6.56±0.07b	19.13±0.63a	3.31±0.11a	1.24±0.12c	21.43±2.22b	22.68±2.21b	33.94±2.24a	10.23±0.56ab
	N3	6.48±0.06c	19.17±0.45a	3.2±0.14a	2.42±0.36b	33.82±3.36a	36.25±3.50a	31.02±1.28a	9.82±0.45ab
	N4	6.42±0.06c	19.11±0.68a	3.42±0.14a	3.74±0.45a	44.22±4.97a	47.95±5.36a	31.02±2.57a	9.06±0.64b
2018	N0	6.67±0.07a	18.26±0.66a	3.05±0.12a	—	—	—	25.34±2.09a	7.71±0.98a
	N1	6.61±0.02a	16.29±0.75ab	2.99±0.09a	—	—	—	26.45±1.39a	8.84±0.72a
	N2	6.67±0.07a	15.07±0.33b	3.24±0.16a	—	—	—	30.46±1.76a	9.38±0.53a
	N3	6.58±0.03a	14.49±0.22b	3.14±0.17a	—	—	—	28.68±1.49a	8.96±0.56a
	N4	6.5±0.07a	13.67±0.41c	3.16±0.14a	—	—	—	25.91±0.99a	6.86±1.42a

响应变量 Response variable	群落组成 Community composition	回归方程 Regression equations
物种丰富度 Species richness	群落Community	Y= 34.82 +0.43X₁ -6.04X₃+2.57X₄ -0.24X₅ +0.49X₆ (R²=0.31, F=8.62, P<0.001)
	禾草Grasses	Y= -9.00 +0.11X₁ +1.97X₂ -0.7X₃+0.19X₄ +0.07X₆ (R²=0.36, F=10.43, P<0.001)
	杂类草Nongraminous forbs	Y= 49.76 +0.54X₁-5.36X₂ +2.06X₄ -0.2X₅ +0.25X₆ (R²=0.31, F=8.47, P<0.001)
生物量 Biomass	群落Community	Y= 901.99 -15.53X₁ +1.87X₅ (R²=0.42, F=20.9, P<0.001)
	禾草Grasses	Y= 548.51 -15.45 X₁ -30.56X₃ -19.05 X₄+2.91X₅ (R²=0.43, F=21.83, P<0.001)
	杂类草Nongraminous forbs	Y= -54.01 +35.81X₃ (R²=0.15, F=20.28, P<0.001)

Effects of Nitrogen Application and Clipping Height on Vegetation Productivity and Plant Community Composition of Haying Meadow Steppe

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