双季机械直播早籼稻品种的丰产性和稳产性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.02.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The study aimed to explore the characteristics of high and stable yield of double-season mechanical direct seeding early rice varieties, and to screen out a batch of early indica rice varieties suitable for mechanical direct seeding in Jiangxi double-season rice region, which provided theoretical basis for breeding and cultivation of southern double-season mechanical direct seeding rice varieties.【Method】With 21 early indica rice varieties as experimental materials, artificial mechanical direct seeding was carried out in three different ecological regions of Jiangxi province (North Jiangxi, Central Jiangxi and South Jiangxi). Cluster analysis, combined variance analysis and GGE biplot were used to systematically study the high and stable yield characteristics of double-season mechanical direct seeding early indica rice varieties. 【Result】 The yield of different cultivars was significantly affected by genotype, environment and interaction effect. Cluster analysis of yield of tested varieties in each ecological region showed that high-yield varieties in North, Middle and South Jiangxi accounted for 38.10%, 19.05% and 23.81% of the total, respectively. Tan Liangyou 83 had the highest yield and the best stability, followed by Wufengyou 286 and Zhuliangyou 171 varieties, and Yong 3 Youhua had the lowest yield, while Liangyou 287 had good high yield but poor stable yield. Compared with medium and low yield varieties, the effective panicle, grain number per panicle and total spikelet number of high yield varieties increased significantly, and 1000-grain weight and daily output had significant advantages. It showed better ability of early growth and rapid development. The tiller growth rate, peak seedling number and panicle formation rate were significantly increased, and the tiller decline rate was significantly reduced. Dry matter production at heading stage and maturity stage was significantly higher for high-yield varieties than that for medium and low-yield varieties, and high-yield varieties have significant advantages in dry matter output rate, apparent conversion rate and apparent conversion rate.【Conclusion】Under the condition of machine direct seeding, the early indica rice varieties with high and stable yield had the characteristics of moderate growth period, good early onset, high tillering and ear formation rate, large total spikelet number, large dry matter production after flowering, high dry matter output and transportation efficiency, and high daily output, etc. According to the comprehensive characteristics of various varieties, Tan Liangyou 83, Wu Fengyou 286, Zhu Liangyou 171 and Yong You 9380 had good high yield and stability, and moderate maturity, which was suitable for direct seeding of early rice in Jiangxi double cropping rice region.

Key words: early indica rice, ecological areas, mechanical direct seeding, productivity, stability

CHEN LiMing,ZHOU YanZhi,TAN YiQing,WU ZiMing,TAN XueMing,ZENG YongJun,SHI QingHua,PAN XiaoHua,ZENG YanHua. High and Stable Yield of Early Indica Rice Varieties with Double-Season Mechanical Direct Seeding[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(2): 261-272.

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Figures/Tables 12

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Table 4

Rice grain yield and growth duration of tested combinations in three ecological zones"

品种 Variety	产量 Grain yield (t·hm^-2)				生育期 Growth stage (d)
品种 Variety	鄱阳Poyang	上高Shanggao	兴国Xingguo	平均 Mean	生育期 Growth stage (d)
潭两优83 TLY83	7.80±0.31bc	8.31±0.45a	8.52±0.12a	8.21±0.09a	96.7±2.52ij
五丰优286 WFY286	8.00±0.48ab	7.29±0.26ab	8.34±0.08a	7.87±0.25ab	99.3±3.06de
陵两优722 LLY722	7.20±0.38de	7.86±0.64ab	8.47±0.08a	7.84±0.23ab	98.0±4.00fgh
株两优171 ZLY171	7.60±0.20bcd	7.69±1.54ab	8.07±0.17b	7.78±0.51abc	97.7±3.51ghi
柒两优2012 QLY2012	6.54±0.20fgh	7.80±0.35ab	8.42±0.09a	7.59±0.16abcd	98.3±3.06efg
永优9380 YY9380	7.50±0.45cd	7.34±1.20ab	7.81±0.09c	7.55±0.39abcde	102.0±2.65b
陵两优7108 LLY7108	7.17±0.21de	6.94±1.59ab	8.49±0.18a	7.54±0.46abcde	97.7±3.51ghi
两优287 LY287	8.34±0.24a	7.32±0.18ab	6.63±0.13f	7.43±0.10abcde	96.7±2.52ij
株两优39 ZLY39	7.00±0.13ef	7.38±1.12ab	7.86±0.11c	7.42±0.37abcde	97.3±3.06ghij
株两优538 ZLY538	7.50±0.27cd	7.21±0.17ab	7.36±0.08d	7.36±0.12abcde	98.0±2.65fgh
鄱优364 PY364	7.67±0.22bc	6.45±0.77b	7.37±0.10d	7.16±0.25bcde	100.0±2.65cd
优Ⅰ156 YI 156	6.87±0.24ef	6.94±0.29ab	7.33±0.07d	7.05±0.07bcde	101.0±2.65bc
中早25 ZZ25	6.80±0.22efg	6.52±0.86b	7.75±0.09c	7.02±0.35bcde	97.0±3.00hij
株两优819 ZLY819	7.67±0.31bc	7.00±0.77ab	6.24±0.08g	6.97±0.26bcde	96.3±4.51j
长两优39 CLY39	6.34±0.07gh	6.83±1.05ab	7.49±0.14d	6.89±0.30bcde	99.0±2.65def
嘉育948 JY948	7.04±0.19e	6.34±1.52b	6.86±0.14e	6.75±0.41cde	97.0±2.65hij
江早361 JZ361	6.57±0.18fgh	6.29±0.73b	7.35±0.05d	6.74±0.27de	96.7±3.51ij
中早39 ZZ39	6.80±0.24efg	7.26±0.78ab	6.17±0.07g	6.74±0.20de	99.0±2.65def
淦鑫203 GX203	6.37±0.10gh	6.40±1.36b	7.00±0.19e	6.59±0.39de	99.3±3.06de
中嘉早17 ZJZ17	6.17±0.04h	6.89±0.60ab	6.60±0.18f	6.55±0.21de	98.0±2.65fgh
永3优华占 Y3YHZ	7.00±0.15ef	6.22±0.67b	6.32±0.10g	6.51±0.25e	104.3±3.06a
均值 Mean	7.14±0.23	7.06±0.79	7.52±0.11	7.22±0.49	98.2±2.98
变异系数 CV(%)	8.21	8.11	10.47	6.85	2.31

Table 4

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Fig. 2

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Table 8

Fig. 3

Table 9

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地点 Location	前茬 Fore crop	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N content (g·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)
鄱阳 Poyang	双季晚稻 Double cropping late rice	6.02	38.7	2.10	13.5	72.8
上高 Shanggao	双季晚稻 Double cropping late rice	5.21	34.3	1.59	16.4	68.1
兴国 Xingguo	双季晚稻 Double cropping late rice	5.03	35.8	1.97	14.4	68.4

地点 Location	海拔 Altitude (m)	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	4-7月日均降水量 Average diurnal rainfall from Apr. to Jul. (mm)	4-7月日均气温 Average diurnal temperature from Apr. to Jul. (℃)
鄱阳 Poyang	24	116°67′	29°00′	53.3	25.5
上高 Shanggao	51	114°92′	28°23′	50.1	24.9
兴国 Xingguo	162	115°35′	26°33′	56.5	26.4

	变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	平方和 SS	均方 MS	F	P	占平方和的 Ss (%)
联合方差 Pooled ANOVA	总变异 Total variation	188	120.67	0.64	—	—	—
	处理 Treatment	62	82.08	1.32	4.32	0.0001	68.02^a
	基因 Genotype (G)	20	43.56	2.18	7.11	0.0001	36.10^a
	环境 Environment (E)	2	5.29	2.65	8.64	0.0003	4.38^a
	G×E	40	33.23	0.83	2.71	0.0001	27.54^a
	误差 Error	126	38.58	0.31	—	—	31.98^a
线性回归 Liner regression	联合回归 United regression	1	1.31	1.31	4.29	0.0403	3.96^b
	基因回归 Genotype regression	19	16.82	0.89	2.89	0.0002	50.61^b
	环境回归 Environment regression	1	0.71	0.71	2.30	0.1317	2.12^b
	残差 Residual error	19	14.39	0.76	2.47	0.0015	43.31^b

类型 Type		有效穗 Panicle number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelet (×10⁴·hm^-2)	结实率 Filled grain percentage (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	实产 Grain yield (t·hm^-2)	日产量 Daily yield (kg·hm^-2· d^-1)
高产 HY (n=4)	平均值 M	355.05a	137.59a	48908.47a	85.12a	27.37a	7.91a	80.78a
	变幅 AV	347.54-371.43	1332.06-147.84	45897.16-54897.48	84.54-85.75	26.01-28.95	7.69-8.31	78.43-85.71
	标准差 S	11.11	7.18	4125.39	0.50	1.21	0.27	3.37
	变异系数 CV(%)	3.13	5.22	8.43	0.59	4.43	3.44	4.18
中产 MY (n=11)	平均值 M	344.92b	122.37b	41009.07b	84.95a	26.87b	7.13ab	71.82ab
	变幅 AV	314.01-346.71	118.86-129.62	3719.51-44944.94	82.15-86.96	25.66-28.66	6.83-7.38	68.29-75.32
	标准差 S	10.92	3.43	2346.10	1.79	0.96	0.21	2.50
	变异系数 CV(%)	3.26	2.80	5.72	2.11	3.58	2.90	3.48
低产 LY (n=6)	平均值 M	307.93c	116.71c	35765.60c	85.27a	27.08ab	6.35b	63.79b
	变幅 AV	303.05-311.33	113.25-118.24	34329.27-36783.06	803.03-87.45	24.84-28.23	6.22-6.52	59.23-67.26
	标准差 S	3.04	2.01	956.73	1.71	1.27	0.13	2.59
	变异系数 CV(%)	0.99	1.73	2.67	2.01	4.69	2.04	4.07

产量类型 Type	有效穗 Panicle number	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelet	结实率 Filled grain percentage	千粒重 1000-grain percentage	日产量 Daily yield
高产 HY	0.993**	0.990**	0.993**	-0.656	-0.577	0.992**
中产 MY	0.911**	0.867**	0.942**	0.062	0.041	0.805**
低产 LY	0.893**	0.921**	0.937**	-0.047	0.077	0.907**

High and Stable Yield of Early Indica Rice Varieties with Double-Season Mechanical Direct Seeding

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编号 Code	品种 Variety	品种类型 Type of cultivar	编号 Code	品种 Variety	品种类型 Type of cultivar
1	中早39 ZZ39	常规籼稻IIR	11	柒两优2012 QLY2012	杂交籼稻IHR
2	中早25 ZZ25	常规籼稻IIR	12	鄱优364 PY364	杂交籼稻IHR
3	中嘉早17 ZJZ17	常规籼稻IIR	13	淦鑫203 GX203	杂交籼稻IHR
4	江早361 JZ361	常规籼稻IIR	14	嘉育948 JY948	杂交籼稻IHR
5	两优287 LY287	杂交籼稻IHR	15	株两优171 ZLY171	杂交籼稻IHR
6	潭两优83 TLY83	杂交籼稻IHR	16	陵两优722 LLY722	杂交籼稻IHR
7	株两优538 ZLY538	杂交籼稻IHR	17	陵两优7108 LLY7108	杂交籼稻IHR
8	优Ⅰ156 YI 156	杂交籼稻IHR	18	株两优39 ZLY39	杂交籼稻IHR
9	五丰优286 WFY286	杂交籼稻IHR	19	长两优39 CLY39	杂交籼稻IHR
10	株两优819 ZLY819	杂交籼稻IHR	20	永优9380 YY9380	杂交籼稻IHR
			21	永3优华占 Y3YHZ	杂交籼稻IHR

产量类型 Type	分蘖增长率 Increase rate of tillering (×10⁴·hm^-2·d^-1)	分蘖下降率 Decrease of tilling (×10⁴·hm^-2·d^-1)	高峰苗数 Number of peak tiller (×10⁴·hm^-2)	成穗率 Rate of effective ear (%)
高产 HY	13.62a	5.12b	610.67a	61.42a
中产 MY	12.97b	5.36a	577.03b	57.28b
低产 LY	12.26c	5.42a	557.26c	55.27c
与产量的相关系数 Coefficients	0.787**	-0.283	0.818**	0.716**

产量水平 Yield level	物质输出率 MOR (%)	表观转换率 ACR (%)	表观转化率 ATR (%)
高产 HY	26.45a	14.75a	19.44a
中产 MY	18.06b	10.21b	13.75b
低产 LY	11.76c	6.54c	8.69c

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