修剪对山地苹果蒸腾的影响及模拟

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.17.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Water deficiency is the major obstacle to restrict the development of apple industry of the Loess Plateau. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of pruning on apple transpiration, aiming to provide helpful information for water management and sustainable development of apple orchards. 【Method】 The study sites was located in Zizhou County, Shaanxi Province, where the apple trees were grown under rain-fed conditions. Sap flow under four pruning intensities, including CK (no pruning), PI-1 (light pruning), PI-2 (moderate pruning) and PI-3 (severe pruning), were measured with thermal dissipation probes. Combining with model simulations (MAESPA), the effects of pruning on transpiration of apple trees were studied.【Result】 The results showed that pruning could effectively reduce the leaf area index (LAI) of apple trees. The total branches, LAI and crown diameter of PI-3 decreased by 28.2%, 30.5% and 9.5%, respectively, compared with the CK. Pruning reduced the transpiration of apple trees significantly. At the intraday scale, when the pruning intensity increased, the peak value of sap flow decreased accordingly. Furthermore, the monthly transpiration gradually decreased from the fruit swelling period to fruit ripening period with the peak value in July and the lowest value in September. Transpiration of intensity II (PI-2) and intensity III (PI-3) was significantly lower than that of CK. During the study period, the transpiration of pruning intensity I (PI-1), intensity II (PI-2) and intensity III (PI-3) decreased by 11.1%, 24.1% and 37.9%, respectively, compared with CK (July-September). Meanwhile, the relationship between pruning intensity and transpiration was analyzed through MAESPA model. MAESPA model simulated the diurnal variation characteristics and daily transpiration of apple trees with a good accuracy. The normalized mean square error was between 0.163 and 0.293; the Nash coefficient was between 0.616 and 0.830 and the consistency coefficient was between 0.907 and 0.960. The results also showed that the model had a relatively poor performance when the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and saturated water vapor pressure deficit (VPD) were low. 【Conclusion】 Pruning effectively reduced the transpiration of apple trees. Under the context of light water stress in the Loess Plateau, PI-1 could be applied to orchard to reduce water consumption slightly; under the severe water deficit condition, PI-3 could be used as a promising measure to regulate water consumption of apple trees and promote the green healthy development of orchards.

Key words: apple, pruning, transpiration, rainfed orchards, MAESPA model

YE MiaoTai,HUO GaoPeng,YANG Bo,ZHAO XiNing,GAO XiaoDong. Measurements and Modeling of the Impacts of Different Pruning Degrees on Transpiration of Apple Orchard in Hilly Regions[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(17): 3020-3033.

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处理	叶面积 Leaf area (m²)	株高 Plant height (cm)	冠幅直径 Canopy diameter (cm)	总枝量 Total branches (×10⁴·hm^-2)	产量 Yield (kg·tree^-1)	最大电子传递速率 J_max (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	最大羧化速率 V_max (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	初始斜率 α (-)
CK	8.81±0.46a	310±24a	210±18a	100.02±6.01a	4.33±0.22a	163.40±11.06a	81.89±6.74a	0.27±0.03a
PI-1	7.93±0.36b	302±15a	205±33a	95.35±5.97a	4.44±0.26a	166.43±7.73a	83.74±4.71a	0.28±0.03a
PI-2	6.50±0.26c	320±14a	200±20a	83.35±3.35b	4.06±0.27ab	178.18±16.09a	90.90±9.81a	0.27±0.02a
PI-3	5.09±0.17d	300±21a	190±14a	71.85±4.67c	3.64±0.19b	185.43±7.56a	95.32±4.61a	0.27±0.03a

Measurements and Modeling of the Impacts of Different Pruning Degrees on Transpiration of Apple Orchard in Hilly Regions

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