农田景观格局对南疆苹果园梨小食心虫成虫种群动态的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.01.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Grapholitha molesta is an important fruit pest in apple orchards in southern Xinjiang, which seriously affects the yield and quality of apple. The influence of agricultural landscape configuration and composition on the population number of G. molesta in apple orchards was clarified to provide a theoretical basis for the rational design of agricultural landscape that reduces the harm of G. molesta under the adjustment of cropping structure in southern Xinjiang.【Method】 A total of 50 apple orchards were selected as experimental sites in Aksu area from 2017 to 2020. The landscape composition within a radius of 2.0 km of each site was investigated. The insect sex pheromone traps were used to investigate the population dynamics of G. molesta adult. Regression models of Shannon diversity index (SHDI), perimeter area ratio (PARA), edge density (ED), and the area proportion of non-crop habitats, host crops and other (non-host) crops in landscapes at four scales (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 km) were fitted with the number of adults of the first, second and third generations in apple orchards.【Result】 In the study area, the proportion of host crops was highest (45.7%-55.0%), followed by other crops (18.2%-21.0%) and non-crop habitats (13.5%-19.7%). There was a negative correlation between the abundance of the first generation adult and the proportion of other crops at 2.0 km scale (P=0.062). The abundance of the second generation was negatively correlated with other crops at four scales (0.5 km, P<0.001; 1.0 km, P<0.001; 1.5 km, P=0.028; 2.0 km, P=0.043), negatively correlated with the proportion of host crops at 1.0 and 1.5 km scales (1.0 km, P=0.026; 1.5 km, P=0.048), negatively correlated with the proportion of non-crop habitats at 0.5 and 1.0 km scales (0.5 km, P=0.023; 1.0 km, P=0.019), but positively correlated with Shannon diversity index (SHDI) (0.5 km, P<0.001; 1.0 km, P=0.005). The abundance of the third generation was negatively correlated with the proportion of non-crop habitats at 0.5 km scale (P<0.001).【Conclusion】 Increasing the proportion of host crops, other crops, and non-crop habitats within agricultural landscape decreased the occurrence of G. molesta in apple orchards. However, landscape diversity (Shannon diversity index) promoted the population number of G. molesta. Therefore, increasing the area of the other crops and non-crop habitats coupled with no mixed planting of host crops in landscapes could be beneficial to the management of G. molesta.

Key words: agricultural landscape, phytophagous insect, host plant, Grapholitha molesta, apple orchard

SONG BoWen,YANG Long,PAN YunFei,LI HaiQiang,LI Hao,FENG HongZu,LU YanHui. Effects of Agricultural Landscape on the Population Dynamic of Grapholitha molesta Adults in Apple Orchards in Southern Xinjiang[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(1): 85-95.

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References 27

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景观参数 Landscape parameter	景观尺度 Scale	平均值 Mean	标准误 SEM
寄主植物Host crops	0.5 km	55.0%	2.7%
	1.0 km	51.2%	2.5%
	1.5 km	47.8%	2.4%
	2.0 km	45.7%	2.4%
非作物生境Non-crop habitats	0.5 km	13.5%	1.4%
	1.0 km	13.8%	1.3%
	1.5 km	14.2%	1.3%
	2.0 km	19.7%	1.2%
其他作物Other crops	0.5 km	18.2%	2.7%
	1.0 km	19.0%	2.6%
	1.5 km	20.7%	2.5%
	2.0 km	21.0%	2.3%
香农多样性指数SHDI	0.5 km	1.6	0.05
	1.0 km	1.8	0.05
	1.5 km	1.9	0.05
	2.0 km	2.0	0.05
周长面积比PARA (m/m²)	0.5 km	2370.0	215.9
	1.0 km	2249.0	106.2
	1.5 km	2012.0	64.9
	2.0 km	1706.0	41.8
边缘密度ED (m/m²)	0.5 km	239.7	7.1
	1.0 km	227.2	4.8
	1.5 km	211.4	4.0
	2.0 km	194.5	3.3

尺度 Scale	变量 Variable	系数 Coefficient	标准误 SEM	校正标准误 Correction SEM	Z 值 Z value	P 值 P value	重要性 Importance
0.5 km	Intercept	-0.000	0.610	0.622	0.000	1.000
	SHDI	0.262	0.170	0.173	1.513	0.130	0.507
	Host crops	-0.151	0.154	0.157	0.964	0.335	0.170
	Other crops	-0.140	0.204	0.208	0.671	0.502	0.141
1.0 km	Intercept	-0.000	0.595	0.607	0.000	1.000
	Host crops	-0.216	0.152	0.155	1.388	0.165	0.262
	SHDI	0.250	0.204	0.207	1.207	0.228	0.313
	ED	0.136	0.153	0.156	0.875	0.382	0.136
	Other crops	-0.231	0.242	0.247	0.934	0.350	0.108
1.5 km	Intercept	-0.000	0.602	0.614	0.000	1.000
	Other crops	-0.357	0.217	0.221	1.615	0.106	0.307
	SHDI	0.347	0.229	0.232	1.496	0.135	0.468
	Host crops	-0.178	0.160	0.163	1.097	0.273	0.282
	Non-crop habitats	0.110	0.154	0.157	0.701	0.483	0.098
2.0 km	Intercept	-0.000	0.616	0.629	0.000	1.000
	Other crops	-0.391	0.205	0.210	1.864	0.062	0.246
	SHDI	0.338	0.228	0.231	1.462	0.144	0.373
	Non-crop habitats	0.210	0.148	0.151	1.386	0.166	0.201
	Host crops	-0.192	0.153	0.156	1.234	0.217	0.180

尺度 Scale	变量 Variable	系数 Coefficient	标准误 SEM	校正标准误 Correction SEM	Z 值 Z value	P 值 P value	重要性 Importance
0.5 km	Intercept	-0.047	0.514	0.519	0.090	0.928
	Other crops^***	-0.258	0.062	0.062	4.124	0.000	1.000
	Non-crop habitats^*	-0.146	0.063	0.064	2.279	0.023	1.000
	SHDI^***	0.252	0.060	0.060	4.178	0.000	1.000
	ED	0.046	0.049	0.049	0.923	0.356	0.336
1.0 km	Intercept	-0.054	0.513	0.518	0.104	0.917
	Other crops^***	-0.295	0.078	0.078	3.761	0.000	1.000
	Non-crop habitats^*	-0.175	0.074	0.075	2.338	0.019	0.919
	Host crops^*	-0.149	0.066	0.067	2.225	0.026	0.902
	SHDI^**	0.197	0.069	0.069	2.833	0.005	1.000
	PARA	-0.020	0.049	0.050	0.410	0.682	0.169
	ED	0.007	0.047	0.047	0.155	0.877	0.156
1.5 km	Intercept	-0.047	0.479	0.483	0.098	0.922
	Other crops^*	-0.167	0.075	0.076	2.197	0.028	0.897
	Host crops^*	-0.140	0.071	0.071	1.974	0.048	0.749
	SHDI	0.126	0.074	0.074	1.703	0.089	0.600
	Non-crop habitats	-0.069	0.079	0.080	0.860	0.390	0.247
	PARA	-0.033	0.057	0.057	0.568	0.570	0.214
	ED	0.017	0.059	0.059	0.279	0.780	0.175
2.0 km	Intercept	-0.046	0.475	0.479	0.095	0.924
	Other crops^*	-0.151	0.074	0.074	2.025	0.043	0.776
	Host crops	-0.137	0.070	0.070	1.954	0.051	0.796
	SHDI	0.096	0.079	0.080	1.199	0.231	0.410
	Non-crop habitats	-0.056	0.059	0.060	0.948	0.343	0.283
	PARA	-0.039	0.056	0.056	0.696	0.486	0.220
	ED	-0.022	0.058	0.059	0.383	0.702	0.208

尺度 Scale	变量 Variable	系数 Coefficient	标准误 SEM	校正标准误 Correction SEM	Z 值 Z value	P 值 P value	重要性 Importance
0.5 km	Intercept	0.030	0.274	0.277	0.107	0.914
	Other crops	-0.253	0.164	0.165	1.528	0.126	0.655
	Non-crop habitats^***	-0.657	0.156	0.158	4.170	0.000	1.000
	SHDI	0.266	0.142	0.143	1.857	0.063	0.412
1.0 km	Intercept	0.024	0.168	0.169	0.145	0.885
	Non-crop habitats	-0.207	0.165	0.167	1.241	0.215	0.318
	ED	-0.115	0.138	0.139	0.826	0.409	0.176
	Host crops	-0.190	0.180	0.181	1.050	0.294	0.298
	Other crops	-0.284	0.178	0.180	1.580	0.114	0.139
1.5 km	Intercept	0.025	0.164	0.166	0.148	0.882
	ED	-0.162	0.136	0.137	1.181	0.238	0.374
	Non-crop habitats	-0.145	0.145	0.146	0.989	0.322	0.323
	Host crops	-0.081	0.138	0.139	0.585	0.559	0.131
2.0 km	Intercept	0.025	0.164	0.166	0.151	0.880
	ED	-0.217	0.140	0.142	1.530	0.126	0.580
	Non-crop habitats	-0.150	0.133	0.135	1.118	0.263	0.269
	PARA	0.126	0.152	0.154	0.820	0.412	0.112
	Host crops	-0.099	0.137	0.138	0.716	0.474	0.093
	Other crops	-0.061	0.137	0.138	0.442	0.658	0.085

Effects of Agricultural Landscape on the Population Dynamic of Grapholitha molesta Adults in Apple Orchards in Southern Xinjiang

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