Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (17): 2983-2996.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.17.007

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of Manure Application on Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Crops in China: A Meta-Analysis

REN KeYu1,DUAN YingHua1(),XU MingGang1,ZHANG XuBo2()   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing 100081
    2 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Beijing 100101
  • Received:2019-03-18 Accepted:2019-05-07 Online:2019-09-01 Published:2019-09-10
  • Contact: YingHua DUAN,XuBo ZHANG E-mail:daunyinghua@caas.cn;zhangxb@igsnrr.ac.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】 Combined chemical fertilizers with manure is one of the important approaches to improve the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crops. Nowadays, rare studies focused on systematic comparison and analysis of combine chemical fertilizers with manure on nitrogen use efficiency in different regions of China. In addition, NUE is affected by many factors, such as nitrogen application amount, soil properties and the climatic conditions and even most of them are in the specific regions. Therefore, this study was carried out to explore the effects of chemical fertilizers combined with manure on NUE, and quantify the response of NUE to manure application in different soils and climatic regions, so as to give the guidance on sustaining regional agricultural development and provide an important theoretical basis for reducing fertilizer application. 【Method】 This study was conducted based on a database of NUE including 412 sets on NPKM vs. NPK, which were collected from 110 published articles with wheat, maize and rice. We analyzed the differences of NUE between the treatment of NPK and NPKM in five regions in China by Meta-analysis, and quantified the contribution of main controlling factors on positive manure affects by Random Forest analysis. 【Result】 Compared with NPK, NPKM treatment increased the NUE by 3.6%. NPKM treatment significantly increased the NUE of crops in all regions except the Northeast China. The highest enhancement was found at Northwestern China, followed by Northern China, Southern Region and Eastern China. Soil organic matter, pH, available potassium and total nitrogen were the main factors affecting the “positive effect” of manure on NUE. The increment of NUE by manure application was higher in the soils with lower organic matter content than that in the soils with high organic matter content. The increase of NUE in alkaline soils with manure applied was 1.3 and 1.8 times higher than those on neutral and acidic soils, respectively. The improvement of NUE by manure application varied among climate regions: temperate continental climate zone>temperate monsoon climate zone>subtropical monsoon climate zone. 【Conclusion】 The application of manure could significantly increase the NUE of crops, especially in northwestern areas with low organic matter content and less rainfall.

Key words: nitrogen use efficiency, manure, nitrogen application rate, soil properties, climate, regional differences, Meta- analysis

Fig. 1

Frequency distribution of response ratio between NPKM and NPK M and SE denote the mean and standard errors, respectively. The curve is a Gaussian distribution fitted to frequency data and P<0.01 suit for the distribution"

Table 1

Volumes of literature obtained in this study and distributions of test sites"

处理
Treatment		 筛选后文献数Article number 试验点分布 Distribution of test point
地区
Region		 省（市）（试验点个数）
Provinces and cities (number of test sites)
NPKM&NPK 110篇 东北地区（11）Northeast 黑龙江省Heilongjiang（4）、吉林省Jilin（6）、内蒙古Inner Mongolia（1）
华北地区（13）
North China		 北京市Beijing（2）、河北省Hebei（4）、河南省Henan（3）、山西省Shanxi（1）、天津市Tianjin（3）
华东地区（40）
East China		 安徽省Anhui（3）、江苏省Jiangsu（19）、江西省Jiangxi（5）、山东省Shandong（10）、浙江省Zhejiang（3）
西北地区（14）Northwest 甘肃省Gansu（4）、宁夏Ningxia（2）、陕西省Shaanxi（7）、新疆Xinjiang（1）
南方（32）
Southern		 四川省Sichuan（1）、广西省Guangxi（2）、贵州省Guizhou（2）、湖北省Hubei（7）、湖南省Hunan（16）、重庆市Chongqing（4）

Fig. 2

The NUE by crops for NPK and NPKM treatments in different regions of China Different lowercases indicate significantly different (P<0.05); The solid line in the box represents the median value; Dash line represents the average value, and the upper and lower sides of box represent 75% and 25% percentiles, respectively; Error bars represent maximum and minimum values of all the date, respectively; n represents independent sample size"

Fig. 3

Difference of NUE with nitrogen application rate between NPK and NPKM Blackened circle and solid lines represent NPK, and open triangle and dashed lines represent NPKM (a, c). Dots with error bars denote the overall mean response ratio and 95% CI, respectively. The 95% CI that do not go across the zero line mean significant difference between treatment and control. The value and percent in parentheses represent independent sample size and percent response to fertilization, respectively(b) "

Fig. 4

Effect of applying organic fertilizer on NUE under different nutrient levels Dots with error bars denote the overall mean response ratio and 95% CI, respectively. The 95% CI that do not go across the zero line mean significant difference between treatment and control. The value and percent in parentheses represent independent sample size and percent response to fertilization, respectively. SOM: soil organic matter content, pH: soil pH, AP: soil available phosphorus content, TN: soil total nitrogen content, AN: soil available nitrogen content, AK: soil available potassium content"

Fig. 5

Effect of applying organic fertilizer on NUE under different climatic factors Dots with error bars denote the overall mean response ratio and 95% CI, respectively. The 95% CI that do not go across the zero line mean significant difference between treatment and control. The value and percent in parentheses represent independent sample size and percent response to fertilization, respectively. NTM: Temperate monsoon climate, NTC: Temperate continental climate, STM: Subtropical monsoon climate, AAR: Average annual rainfall, MAT: Annual average temperature, ASD: Annual sunshine duration, FFP: Frost-free period"

Fig. 6

Contribution rate of soil and climatic factors to the "enhanced effect" of organic fertilizer The number after the long column represents the contribution rate of soil and climatic factors to the “positive effect” of organic fertilizer. AK: Soil available potassium content, SOM: Soil organic matter content, pH: Soil pH, AAR: Average annual rainfall, TN: Soil total nitrogen content, FFP: Frost-free period, N Rate: Nitrogen application rate, AP: Soil available phosphorus content, MAT: Annual average temperature, ASD: Annual sunshine duration, AN: Soil available nitrogen content, Crop: Crop type"

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