6个紫花苜蓿品种氨基酸组成分析及营养价值评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.13.014

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Six domestic alfalfa cultivars (Zhongcao No.3, Gannong No.1, Longmu No. 806, Zhongmu No.2, Xinjiang Big Leaf, Gongnong No.1) were used, amino acid content and the nutrition evaluation of alfalfa were studied, to provide the scientific basis for utilization and further research on native alfalfa germplasm resources or alfalfa resources development and utilization. 【Method】 Randomized block design with three replications was used. Different cultivars were planted in different experimental plot, the experimental plot area was 30 m ². The first year, first cut alfalfa which in the early flower stage were used. After 20 min heated at 105℃ and 48 h heated at 65℃, alfalfa were smashed to pass through a screen of 60 meshes. The samples were hydrolyzed by HCl and analyzed by automatic amino acid analyzer. Amino acid constituents and contents were analyzed. Alfalfa essential amino acid composition were compared with FAO/WHO amino acid pattern spectrum and FAO/WHO ideal protein standards. Ratio of essential amino acid (RAA), ratio coefficient (RC), score of RC (SRC) or essential amino acid index (EAAI) were calculated to evaluate the nutritional value. 【Result】 All of six domestic alfalfa cultivars contained 17 amino acids, 7 essential amino acids and 9 medicinal amino acids. Except Asp, Cys, Pro, F and (S+F)/B were significant difference among six cultivars, other amino acids compositions had no significant differences. The content of total amino acids in alfalfa were ranged from 14.85% to 19.48%, essential amino acids were range from 5.35% to 6.93%, non-essential amino acids were range from 9.50% to 12.55%, medicinal amino acids was greater than 60%. The content of total amino acids, essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids were highest in Xinjiang Big Leaf alfalfa. The ratio of sweet and fresh taste to bitter taste amino acid was above 1.8. Only Met+Cys were lower than FAO/WHO amino acid pattern. E/T was ranged from 35% to 36% and E/N was ranged from 54% to 57%, which were a little lower than FAO/WHO ideal protein standards. SRC was ranged from 73 to 74, and EAAI of all alfalfa was closed to 1. 【Conclusion】 There were abundant species and high content amino acid in alfalfa. The essential amino acids were relatively balanced and reasonable. Alfalfa were good protein sources, which also has medicinal value. The first limiting amino acid was Met+Cys. When used as vegetables, it is recommended that something which has high content of Met+Cys were used as complementary food to improve their nutritional value.

Key words: alfalfa, amino acid, FAO/WHO ideal protein standards, protein nutritive value

SUN JuanJuan, A LaMuSi, ZHAO JinMei, XUE YanLin, YU LinQing, YU Zhu, ZHANG YingJun. Analysis of Amino Acid Composition and Six Native Alfalfa Cultivars[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(13): 2359-2367.

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References 30

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品种名称 Cultivar name	品种来源 Cultivar origin
中草3号Zhongcao No.3	中国农业科学院草原研究所 Institute of Grassland Research of CAAS
甘农1号Gannong No.1	甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University
龙牧806 Longmu No.806	黑龙江省畜牧研究所 Heilongjiang Animal Science Institute
中苜2号Zhongmu No.2	中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 Institute of Animal Science of CAAS
新疆大叶Xinjiang Big Leaf	新疆农业大学 Xinjiang Agricultural University
公农1号Gongnong No.1	吉林省农业科学院畜牧分院 Animal Husbandry Branch of Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences

氨基酸种类 Amino acid species	品种名称 Cultivar name
氨基酸种类 Amino acid species	中草3号 Zhongcao No.3	甘农1号 Gannong No.1	龙牧806 Longmu No.806	中苜2号 Zhongmu No.2	新疆大叶 Xinjiang Big Leaf	公农1号 Gongnong No.1
天冬氨酸Asp#	2.09b	2.47ab	2.02b	2.53ab	2.76a	2.20ab
苏氨酸Thr*	0.81	0.96	0.77	0.96	0.97	0.80
丝氨酸Ser	0.87	1.06	0.84	1.12	1.11	0.92
谷氨酸Glu#	1.87	2.24	1.75	2.15	2.34	2.06
甘氨酸Gly#	0.89	1.06	0.84	1.08	1.07	0.92
丙氨酸Ala	1.00	1.17	0.94	1.21	1.22	0.99
半胱氨酸Cys	0.19b	0.21ab	0.20ab	0.20ab	0.22a	0.21ab
缬氨酸Val*	0.92	1.06	0.87	1.09	1.13	0.92
蛋氨酸Met*#	0.14	0.16	0.12	0.14	0.15	0.13
异亮氨酸Ile*#	0.71	0.82	0.66	0.84	0.87	0.70
亮氨酸Leu*#	1.32	1.54	1.24	1.58	1.63	1.30
酪氨酸Tyr	0.59	0.68	0.55	0.67	0.71	0.59
苯丙氨酸Phe*#	0.84	0.98	0.80	1.01	1.03	0.84
组氨酸His	0.53	0.63	0.51	0.64	0.64	0.56
赖氨酸Lys*#	0.92	1.09	0.88	1.09	1.14	0.97
精氨酸Arg#	0.85	0.99	0.80	0.99	1.04	0.86
脯氨酸Pro	1.22abc	1.55a	1.05c	1.53a	1.43ab	1.14bc
T	15.75	18.67	14.85	18.84	19.48	16.11
E	5.65	6.60	5.35	6.71	6.93	5.67
N	10.10	12.07	9.50	12.13	12.55	10.45
M	9.62	11.34	9.11	11.41	12.04	9.98
S	5.71	6.89	5.33	7.00	6.95	5.74
F	3.96ab	4.71ab	3.76b	4.68ab	5.11a	4.26ab
B	5.30	6.17	5.01	6.29	6.49	5.31
(S+F)/B	1.82b	1.88a	1.82b	1.86ab	1.86ab	1.89a

种类 Item	异亮氨酸 Ile	亮氨酸 Leu	赖氨酸 Lys	蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys	苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸Phe+Tyr	苏氨酸 Thr	缬氨酸 Val
FAO/ WHO标准模式	4.0	7.0	5.5	3.5	6.0	4.0	5.0
中草3号Zhongcao No.3	4.47	8.40	5.81	2.12	9.03	5.17	5.82
甘农1号Gannong No.1	4.38	8.23	5.82	1.99	8.92	5.15	5.68
龙牧806 Longmu No.806	4.46	8.35	5.94	2.17	9.09	5.20	5.87
中苜2号Zhongmu No.2	4.45	8.37	5.81	1.84	8.92	5.08	5.79
新疆大叶Xinjiang Big Leaf	4.46	8.35	5.88	1.91	8.93	4.98	5.82
公农1号Gongnong No.1	4.32	8.05	6.03	2.07	8.91	4.99	5.73

指标 Items	品种名称 Cultivar name						理想蛋白标准 Ideal protein standards
指标 Items	中草3号 Zhongcao No.3	甘农1号 Gannong No.1	龙牧806 Longmu No. 806	中苜2号 Zhongmu No.2	新疆大叶 Xinjiang Big Leaf	公农1号 Gongnong No.1	理想蛋白标准 Ideal protein standards
E/T	35.89	35.36	36.03	35.61	35.56	35.17	40
E/N	55.99	54.71	56.32	55.30	55.19	54.24	60

种类 Item		异亮氨酸 Ile	亮氨酸 Leu	赖氨酸 Lys	蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys	苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸Phe+Tyr	苏氨酸 Thr	缬氨酸 Val	SRC
中草3号 Zhongcao No.3	RAA	1.12	1.20	1.06	0.61	1.50	1.29	1.16	75.81
中草3号 Zhongcao No.3	RC	0.99	1.06	0.93	0.53	1.33	1.14	1.03	75.81
甘农1号 Gannong No.1	RAA	1.09	1.18	1.06	0.57	1.49	1.29	1.14	74.81
甘农1号 Gannong No.1	RC	0.98	1.05	0.95	0.51	1.33	1.15	1.02	74.81
龙牧806 Longmu No.806	RAA	1.11	1.19	1.08	0.62	1.52	1.30	1.17	76.19
龙牧806 Longmu No.806	RC	0.97	1.04	0.95	0.54	1.33	1.14	1.03	76.19
中苜2号 Zhongmu No.2	RAA	1.11	1.20	1.06	0.53	1.49	1.27	1.16	73.59
中苜2号 Zhongmu No.2	RC	1.00	1.07	0.95	0.47	1.33	1.14	1.04	73.59
新疆大叶 Xinjiang Big Leaf	RAA	1.11	1.19	1.07	0.55	1.49	1.24	1.16	74.43
新疆大叶 Xinjiang Big Leaf	RC	1.00	1.07	0.96	0.49	1.33	1.11	1.04	74.43
公农1号 Gongnong No.1	RAA	1.08	1.15	1.10	0.59	1.49	1.25	1.15	75.92
公农1号 Gongnong No.1	RC	0.97	1.03	0.98	0.53	1.33	1.12	1.03	75.92

Analysis of Amino Acid Composition and Six Native Alfalfa Cultivars

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