Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (13): 2268-2279.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.13.007

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Microbial Transformation Process of Straw-Derived C in Two Typical Paddy Soils

QIU CunPu1,2,CHEN XiaoFen3,LIU Ming1,2,LI WeiTao1,WU Meng1,JIANG ChunYu1,FENG YouZhi1,2(),LI ZhongPei1,2()   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008
    2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
    3 Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200;
  • Received:2018-12-22 Accepted:2019-03-11 Online:2019-07-01 Published:2019-07-11
  • Contact: YouZhi FENG,ZhongPei LI E-mail:yzfeng@issas.ac.cn;zhpli@issas.ac.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The straw degradation rate, microbial community structure changes and functional microbial community composition involved in straw decomposition in soils were researched, and the research results could provide the theoretical foundation for revealing microbial mechanism of the soil organic matter transformation and accumulation. 【Method】 Two typical subtropical paddy soil in China, including Changshu Wushan soil and Yingtan Red paddy soil, were collected as the research materials. We anaerobically incubated the soils with/without 13C-enriched rice straw for 38 days. Gaseous samples were regularly collected to investigate mineralization rate of straw in dynamic changes. The soil samples were collected to analyze the dynamic changes of the microbial community composition related to straw decomposition by using 13C-PLFA-SIP technology. 【Result】 At the early stage before day 12 of the anaerobic culture, straw degraded slowly, and straw had positive priming effect on soil organic matter (SOM). At the stage of day 12-18, straw degraded rapidly and then the rate tended to be slow after day 18. At the end of incubation, straw mineralization rate was 24% and 33% in Red paddy soil and Wushan soil, respectively. The contribution of straw C to C efflux increased with incubation time, which was 53%-60% and 54%-57% to CO2 and CH4 efflux, respectively. The microbial biomass and activity were improved in the soil with straw, and the microbial activity in Wushan soil was higher than that in Red paddy soil. During straw degradation, 16:0 (general bacteria) was the main groups. i16:0, i15:0 (G + bacteria) and 18:1ω9c (fungi) were also important microbial groups involved in straw degradation. The relative abundance of straw-derived gram-positive (G +) bacteria and actinomycetes increased and gram-positive (G -) bacteria decreased with incubation time. The proportions of straw-derived PLFAs were 27%-32% and 18%-24% in Red paddy soil and Wushan soil PLFAs, respectively. The straw utilization efficiency was higher in fungi and general bacteria, while G - bacterial and actinomycetes PLFAs were preferentially linked to extant soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization. The microbial community composition was different between Wushan soil and Red paddy soil with rice straw. The straw-derived microbial community composition was similar in two soils, but the SOM-derived microorganisms were differences. 【Conclusion】 The mineralization of straw C lagged behind extant SOM during anaerobic straw degradation. The microbial activity and diversity in soil were important factors influencing the efficiency of straw mineralization. After adding straw in soil, it’s showed differences from the microbial community composition, which were mainly involved in the differences between SOM-derived microorganisms, and SOM was an important factor leading to these differences.

Key words: rice straw degradation, 13C-PLFA-SIP, paddy soil, microbial community

Table 1

Soil properties in the study"

水稻土
Paddy soil		 pH δ13C 有机质
Soil organic matter（g·kg-1）		 全氮
Total N（g·kg-1）		 全磷
Total P（g·kg-1）		 全钾
Total K（g·kg-1）		 C/N
鹰潭红壤性水稻土
Yingtan Red paddy soil		 5.1 -27‰ 23.74 1.66 0.62 17.10 8.29
常熟乌栅土
Changshu Wushan soil		 6.6 -29‰ 35.88 2.19 0.96 17.07 9.5

Fig. 1

Cumulative production of CO2 (a) and CH4 (b) in paddy soils with / without straw additions. The production in soils with straws was further partitioned as straw- and soil organic matter (SOM)-derived; rice straw mineralization (c) and its contribution to total CO2 and CH4 production (d) during the anaerobic incubation The abbreviations “YT” and “CS” in the legend indicates Yingtan Red paddy soil and Changshu Wushan soil, respectively. The same as below"

Fig. 2

Priming effects of CO2 (a), CH4 (b) and CO2 plus CH4 (c)"

Fig. 3

Changes in PLFAs composition of different paddy soils with and without straw additions during the anaerobic incubation The abbreviations “CK” and “RS” indicates soils without and with straw addition, respectively"

Fig. 4

Principal component analysis (PCA) on PLFAs compositions of soils incubated with and without rice straw The abbreviations “CK” and “RS” indicates soils without and with straw addition, respectively. The numbers following the letters are incubation time in days"

Fig. 5

Incorporations of C derived from straw in individual PLFA fractions in soils incubated with rice straws"

Fig. 6

Contribution of straw-derived C to PLFAs in soils incubated with rice straw"

Table 2

Relative abundance of straw-derived C incorporated PLFAs composition in soils incubated with rice straw"

土壤
Soil		 相对丰度
Relative abundance (%)		 一般细菌
General bacteria		 G+细菌
G+ bacteria		 G-细菌
G- bacteria		 真菌
Fungi		 放线菌
Actinomycete
YT 3d 59.98±2.31 15.77±0.56 2.76±0.1 21.43±0.81 0.07±0.02
9d 62.84±3.5 14.32±0.02 6.26±0.45 16.32±0.13 0.27±0.03
18d 76.57±3.11 13.05±0.36 0.32±0.02 10.05±0.16 0.01±0.00
38d 60.27±2.71 28.14±1.6 0.67±0.02 9.82±0.16 1.09±0.07
CS 3d 50.43±1.36 14.59±0.77 8.99±0.34 25.27±1.52 0.72±0.03
9d 46.56±1.96 27.22±1.37 13.64±0.29 10.88±0.72 1.69±0.19
18d 54.47±2.75 30.89±1.06 3.58±0.08 8.64±0.2 2.42±0.05
38d 53.68±1.55 29.81±0.09 4.53±0.07 6.77±0.16 5.21±0.61

Fig. 7

Principal component analysis on incorporation patterns of C in individual PLFA fractions The abbreviations “RS” and “SOM” indicates rice straw and soil organic matter derived, respectively. The numbers following the letters are incubation time in days"

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