近30年海南岛土壤有机质时空变异特征及成因分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.06.007

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important index for evaluating soil fertility and soil carbon pools. SOM usually has strong spatial and temporal variability for the complicated soil forming process and human activity. Studying the temporal and spatial variability of SOM could provide an important reference for the adjustment of agricultural planting structure and response to global climate change.【Method】The contents of SOM of 0-20 cm soil layer in Hainan Island in 1980s and 2012 were collected and measured by field investigation and soil sampling. RandomForest (RF) model was used to predict spatial distribution of SOM based on the training set of 410 and 128 samples, and then the predictions were validated with validating set of 103 and 32 samples, respectively. Then the spatial and temporal variability and driving factors of different land use types in Hainan Island in resent thirty years were studied by using statistical method combined agricultural statistical data.【Result】The mean value of SOM contents in 1980s was 20.57 g·kg ^-1, showing a distribution that SOM contents gradually decreased from southwest to northeast parts of the island. And SOM contents were mainly in two levels of 15-20 and 20-30 g·kg ^-1, which occupied 75.29% area of the whole island. The mean value of SOM contents in 2012 was 15.89 g·kg ^-1, showing a distribution that SOM contents were higher in the southwest and northeast parts, lower in the west and south parts. And the contents of SOM were mainly in two levels of 10-15 and 15-20 g·kg ^-1, which occupied 78.28% area of the whole island, but the ratio of 15-20 and 20-30 g·kg ^-1 levels was 66.04%, which lowered 9.45 percentage points compared with 1980s. The order of SOM contents in different land use types was: paddy field > garden plot > dry land. And there was a significant difference in SOM contents among three land use types in 1980s. In 2012, there was a significant difference in SOM contents between paddy fields and dry land, dry land and garden plot, while the difference in SOM contents between paddy fields and garden plot was not significant. 【Conclusion】 After nearly 30 years, SOM contents of Hainan Island showed a decreasing trend overall. In 2012, the mean value of SOM contents decreased by 4.68 g·kg ^-1 compared with 1980s, with a reduction of 22.75%. The mean value of SOM contents of paddy field decreased by 6.42 g·kg ^-1, with a reduction of 27.34%, which was most obvious among three land use types. And the mean value of SOM contents of garden plot decreased by 2.65 g·kg ^-1, with a reduction of 14.25%, while the mean value of SOM contents of dry land decreased by 1.28 g·kg ^-1, with a reduction of 8.84%. Rice crop rotation, land reclamation and increasing multiple crop indexes were the main reasons that caused the decrease of SOM contents in Hainan Island.

Key words: Hainan Island, soil organic matter, spatial and temporal variation, cause analysis

JIANG SaiPing,ZHANG RenLian,ZHANG WeiLi,XU AiGuo,ZHANG HuaiZhi,XIE LiangShang,JI HongJie. Spatial and Temporal Variation of Soil Organic Matter and Cause Analysis in Hainan Island in Resent 30 Years[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(6): 1032-1044.

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References 46

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土地利用类型 Land-use types	作物类型 Crop types	样点数 Number of samples
水田 Paddy field	水稻 Rice、稻菜轮作 Rice crop rotation	70
旱地 Dry land	菜豆Bean、菊花Chrysanthemum、辣椒Pepper、辣椒-西瓜Pepper-watermelon、木薯Cassava、玉米Corn、菠萝Pineapple、甘蔗Sugarcane、甘蔗-香蕉Sugarcane-Banana香蕉Banana²⁾	32
园地 Garden plot	芒果Mango、荔枝Litchi、胡椒Piper nigrum、绿橙Green orange、红毛丹Rambutan、茶叶Tea、橡胶Rubber、槟榔Areca catechu、桉树Eucalyptus、桑树Mulberry³⁾	60

时期 Period	建模变量 Variables	决策树数量 ntree	节点分裂次数 mtry	袋外误差 OOB	模型解释率 var (%)
1980s	x₉、x₁、x₃、x₇	500	1	115.967 4	17.58
		1 000	1	*115.668 8	17.79
		1 500	1	115.736 2	17.75
		2 000	1	115.982 4	17.57
2012	x₆、x₇、x₈、x₁、x₅、x₉	500	2	47.892 6	19.15
		1 000	2	47.839 6	19.24
		1 500	2	**47.728 5	19.42
		2 000	2	47.834 0	19.24

Period	ME	RMSE	R²
1980s	-0.464 6	10.146 9	0.206 0
2012	1.816 2	5.783 6	0.247 6

土地利用类型 Land-use types	1980s			2012年			SOM含量变化 Change of SOM contents (g·kg^-1)
土地利用类型 Land-use types	样本数 Sample size	均值±标准误差 Mean ± Stderr (g·kg^-1)	范围 Range (g·kg^-1)	样本数 Sample size	均值±标准误差 Mean ± Stderr (g·kg^-1)	范围 Range (g·kg^-1)	SOM含量变化 Change of SOM contents (g·kg^-1)
水田 Paddy field	607	23.48±0.57 a	1.4—86.56	70	17.06±0.91 a	4.43—38.12	-6.42
旱地 Dry land	245	14.48±0.70 c	0.2—70.84	32	13.20±1.27 b	3.85—27.81	-1.28
园地 Garden plot	138	18.60±0.93 b	1.54—55.76	60	15.95±0.94 a	3.16—35.3	-2.65
总体 All	990	20.57±0.43	0.20—86.56	162	15.89±0.59	3.16—38.12	-4.68

项目 Item	1985—1987年¹⁾ Year 1985-1987	2010—2012年²⁾ Year 2010-2012	变化值 Change	变化率 Rate of change (%)
总耕地面积Arable land area（hm²）	434 118	421 324	-12 794	-2.95
水田面积Paddy field area（hm²）	258 288	224 206	-34 082	-13.20
旱地面积Dry land area（hm²）	175 830	197 118	21 288	12.11
园地面积（含热作） Garden plot area(include tropical crops) (hm²)	428 064	825 301	397 236	92.80
热作面积Tropical crops area（hm²）	386 864	646 249	259 385	67.05
橡胶面积Rubber area（hm²）	328 825	505 825	177 000	53.83
橡胶面积/园地面积 Rubber area/Garden plot area（%）	76.82	61.29	-15.53	--
总播种面积Total sown area（hm²）	751 566	842 164	90 598	12.05
复种指数Multiple cropping index	1.73	2.00	0.27	--
水稻播种面积Rice sown area（hm²）	395 371	321 412	-73 959	-18.71
蔬菜播种面积Vegetables sown area（hm²）	32 440	223 032	190 592	587.52
水稻播种面积/总播种面积 Rice sown area/Vegetables sown area (%)	52.61	38.16	-14.44	--
蔬菜播种面积/总播种面积 Vegetables sown area/Total sown area（%）	4.32	26.48	22.26	--

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Soil Organic Matter and Cause Analysis in Hainan Island in Resent 30 Years

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