轮耕对渭北旱塬麦田土壤有机质和全氮含量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.16.009

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Effects of different rotational tillage patterns, which were pairwise combined with no-tillage (NT), subsoiling (ST) and conventional tillage (CT) with straw mulching, on soil fertility were studied in continuous cropping wheat field in Weibei Highland. 【Method】 The experiments of NT/ST (no-tillage in first year, subsoiling in second year, again no-tillage followed by alternating the next year), ST/CT (subsoiling in first year, conventional tillage in second year, again subsoiling followed by alternating the next year), CT/NT (conventional tillage in first year, no-tillage in second year, again conventional tillage followed by alternating the next year) rotational tillage, NT/NT (continuous no-tillage) and CT/CT (continuous conventional tillage) were conducted in summer fallow period during 2007-2014 in Heyang, Shaanxi, and soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen contents and yield were measured and analyzed in wheat harvesting periods from 2011 to 2014. 【Result】Compared with CT/CT, the NT/NT treatment increased soil organic matter and soil total nitrogen contents of surface soil, and the three rotational tillage treatments increased soil organic matter and soil total nitrogen contents in 20-40 and 40-60 cm soil layers. With increasing cultivation, the NT/NT treatment increased soil nutrients of surface and depleted that of lower layer, and the NT/ST treatment increased soil nutrients of surface and subsurface soil. The soil organic matter and storage in 0-60 cm soil layer under the five tillage treatments showed a trend of overall increase with increasing cultivation, and the increase trend under NT/ST treatment was obvious. Compared to pretreatment, the soil organic matter increase rate under NT/ST, ST/CT, and CT/NT treatments were 4.53%, 3.02%, and 2.26%, and the soil organic storage in 2014 increased by 4.07, 2.68 and 1.65 kg·m^-3, respectively. After 7 years of rotational tillage, the soil organic matter in 0-60 cm layer under NT/ST, ST/CT, and CT/NT treatments were 25.3%, 15.2%, and 10.2% higher than CT/CT treatment, and the total soil organic matter significantly increased by 31.57%, 21.45%, and 13.94%, respectively. Compared to NT/NT, the soil organic matter under NT/ST was increased by 9.20%, and the soil organic storage was increased by 3.84%. Compared with CT/CT, the soil total nitrogen contents and storage of 0-60 cm soil depth under three rotational tillage and NT/NT treatment were increased differently. The soil total nitrogen contents under NT/ST, ST/CT, and CT/NT treatments were 17.3%, 8.0% and 6.4% higher than CT/CT treatment in 2014, and the soil total nitrogen storage were significantly increased by 0.21, 0.13 and 0.09 kg·m^-3, respectively. Compared to NT/NT, the soil total nitrogen contents under NT/ST was increased by 3.02%, and the total nitrogen storage was decreased by 2.26%. The average wheat yield under ST/CT treatment in 2011-2014 was close to NT/ST, and the wheat yields of ST/CT and NT/ST treatments were 10.36% and 9.80% higher than CT/CT, and 17.84% and 17.24% higher than NT/NT, respectively. The wheat yield of CT/NT was 1.59% lower than CT/CT and 5.08% higher than NT/NT treatment. The correlation analysis demonstrated that soil organic matter was significantly correlated with soil total nitrogen contents in different soil layers, and the soil organic matter in 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly correlated with soil tillage years.【Conclusion】Compared with CT/CT, the rotational tillage patterns of NT/ST, ST/CT, and CT/NT increased the storage of soil organic matter and soil total nitrogen, and also increased soil nutrient contents of surface and subsurface soil. The NT/ST was the best one among the three rotational tillage patterns, under which also had a higher production of winter wheat. So the NT/ST is a more appropriate rotational tillage pattern for the continuous cropping wheat field in Weibei Highland.

Key words: Weibei Highland, rotational tillage, continuous cropping wheat field, soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen contents

Lü Wei, LI Jun, YUE Zhi-fang, CHEN Ning-ning, WANG Shu-lan. Effects of Rotational Tillage on Soil Organic Matter and Soil Total Nitrogen Contents of Continuous Cropping Wheat Field in Weibei Highland[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(16): 3186-3200.

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