Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (5): 860-873.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.05.008

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Phosphorus Element Flows in the Crop-Livestock Production System of Hainan Island

DING Shang1,GUO HaoHao1,SONG ChenYang1,DIAO XiaoPing2,ZHAO HongWei1,2()   

  1. 1 Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228
    2 State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228
  • Received:2018-08-25 Accepted:2018-11-09 Online:2019-03-01 Published:2019-03-12
  • Contact: HongWei ZHAO E-mail:hwzhao@hainu.edu.cn

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of phosphorus flows and its environmental effects in the crop-livestock production system of Hainan Island from 1987 to 2016, research its flow process and discipline, discuss the optimized management approach of phosphorus in the crop-livestock production system, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of farming and animal husbandry in Hainan Island.【Method】The study was based on the NUFER model (NUtrient flows in Food chains, Environment and the Resources use). Data statistics, literature search and field investigation as well as the software such as Origin were used to calculate phosphorus input, output, efficiency and environmental effects of the crop-livestock production system in Hainan Island. Potentially sustainable phosphorus utilization approaches were explored through scenario analysis of the crop-livestock production system.【Result】In the past 30 years, the total input of phosphorus in the farming subsystem of Hainan Island increased from 21.34 to 81.19 Gg, and the total output increased from 6.20 to 18.20 Gg. As the main source of phosphorus in the system, the input of chemical fertilizer increased from 19.01 to 79.23 Gg. Crop products as the main export of farmland phosphorus, and from 5.25 Gg to 15.48 Gg in 30 years. The total input of phosphorus in the animal production subsystem increased from 11.40 to 15.31 Gg, and the total output increased from 9.63 to 11.90 Gg, in which the input of imported feed phosphorus increased from 10.97 Gg in 1987 to 14.77 Gg in 2016, and the output of animal products increased by 4.95 Gg in 30 years. The amount of crop straw to the field and the local feed increased by 0.37 and 0.26 kg·hm -2, respectively, while the amount of manure to the field decreased by 0.80 kg·hm -2. In terms of spatial distribution, the input and output amounts of phosphorus in Chengmai and Dingan were relatively higher in the past 30 years, while those in Wuzhishan and Qiongzhong were relatively lower. In terms of phosphorus loss, the amount of soil phosphorus surplus per unit cultivated land of Hainan Island increased from 35.00 to 147.40 kg·hm -2 in 1987-2016. In 2016, the amount of soil phosphorus surplus of Qionghai, Chengmai, Baoting and Lin’gao was relatively higher, which was 372.79, 279.82, 194.14 and 181.09 kg·hm -2, respectively. The other loss ways of phosphorus were soil erosion, runoff and leaching, the loss amounts were from 1.21 to 5.85 kg·hm -2. The carrying capacity of livestock and poultry manure of cultivated area was maintained at 3.83-5.77 kg·hm -2. In the past 30 years, phosphorus use efficiency in the farming production subsystem increased from 13.01% to 13.86%, phosphorus use efficiency in the animal production subsystem increased from 4.78% to 7.62%, and phosphorus use efficiency in the crop-livestock production system increased from 10.78% to 13.09%. The result of scenario analysis showed that it was of great significance to promote the coordinated development between the farming production subsystem and the animal production subsystem of Hainan Island and to improve the recycling utilization rate of resources through scientific nutrient management.【Conclusion】Affected by the scale of the crop-livestock production system, regional development and management mode, the environmental loss of the crop-livestock production system was serious, the phosphorus use efficiency was relatively low, and the system was seriously separated in Hainan Island. Therefore, in the future crop-livestock production in Hainan Island, technical means and management measures should be optimized, such as controlling excessive input of phosphorus, reducing the direct discharge of manure, and improving the phosphorus cycle efficiency of straw and manure. At the same time, the coordination relationship between the farming production subsystem and the animal production subsystem should be promoted, and the sustainable development road of combination of farming and animal husbandry should be carried out.

Key words: Hainan Island, crop-livestock production system, phosphorus flows, temporal and spatial variation characteristics, NUFER model

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of phosphorus flows model in the crop-livestock production system"

Fig. 2

Phosphorus flows changes in the farming production subsystem (A, B) and animal production subsystem (C, D) of Hainan Island in 30 years"

Fig. 3

Spatial changes of phosphorus flows in the farming production subsystem (A) and animal production subsystem (B) of Hainan Island"

Fig. 4

Characteristics of phosphorus loss in the crop-livestock production system of Hainan Island from 1987 to 2016"

Fig. 5

Spatial variation of phosphorus loss in the crop-livestock production system of Hainan Island in 2016"

Fig. 6

Changes of phosphorus circulation quantity (A) and use efficiency (B) in the crop-livestock production system of Hainan Island"

Fig. 7

Spatial variation of phosphorus circulation quantity (A) and use efficiency (B) in the crop-livestock production system of Hainan Island in 2016"

Fig. 8

Comparison of major input amounts of phosphorus (A), output amounts of products (B), phosphorus loss (C) and phosphorus use efficiency (D) in different scenarios"

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