江苏省水稻减肥增产的潜力与机制分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.05.007

Abstract

Abstract:

：【Objective】To evaluate the applicability of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and optimization for rice productivity in Jiangsu Province, the current situations and existed problems of fertilizer application were studied, and the effects of reducing nitrogen application on rice yield formation, nitrogen uptake and utilization were quantified.【Method】The current situations of rice nitrogen application rate (chemical nitrogen), grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (PFP_N, Partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen) were conducted by 1 502 farmer surveys in Jiangsu Province. Moreover, the effect of nitrogen reduction on rice productivity was evaluated by using Meta-analysis with 195 observations from 49 previous published studies. 【Result】The data of farmer practices survey showed that the averaged rice yield, nitrogen application rate and PFP_N in Jiangsu Province were 8 273 kg·hm ^-2, 358.10 kg·hm ^-2 and 25.12 kg·kg ^-1, respectively. Meta-analysis showed that after reducing the N rate, the yield and PFP_N increased by 2.8%-5.7% and 52.4%-77.0%, respectively, compared with traditional/conventional nitrogen application in Jiangsu province. The increased rice yield and PFP_N were attributed to the regulated nitrogen uptake (-5.8%- -14.0%), which reducing the rice panicle number by 2.09%-5.46%, while increasing the grains per panicle, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight by 3.96%-6.79%, 2.00%-3.88% and 0.89%-2.10%, respectively. The enhancing effects of reducing nitrogen application on rice yield and nitrogen efficiency in indica rice were higher than those of japonica rice. Reducing the nitrogen application based on reasonable nutrient management combined with organic matter (straw) input had the best effects (high yield and high nutrient efficiency). Present study also showed that the best reduction proportion of nitrogen application was supposed to lower than 25%. Moreover, the soils with high fertility were more conducive to achieve nitrogen fertilizer reduction with ensured rice yield. Taken together, the nitrogen reduction of rice in Jiangsu province could be realized by adjusting the nitrogen management and applying organic fertilizer. The recommended reduction space of nitrogen fertilizer was 31%, in which the basal and tillering fertilizers were the main decreasing direction. 【Conclusion】The reduction of chemical nitrogen fertilizer application of rice in Jiangsu province could be achieved while the basal fertilizer and tillering fertilizer should be most considered. The yield components of rice could be controlled reasonably, and the yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of rice could be improved by reducing nitrogen application when controlling the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer within 31% and combined with optimizing management.

Key words: rice, reducing chemical nitrogen application, yield and yield component, nitrogen uptake and utilization, farmer practices survey, Meta-analysis

GUO JunJie,CHAI YiXiao,LI Ling,GAO LiMin,XIE KaiLiu,LING Ning,GUO ShiWei. The Potential and Related Mechanisms of Increasing Rice Yield by Reducing Chemical Nitrogen Application in Jiangsu Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(5): 849-859.

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References 41

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