Cd胁迫水培试验下水稻糙米Cd累积的关键生育时期

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.23.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objectives of this study were to explore the effects of Cd stress on Cd accumulation in brown rice at different growth stages (tillering stage, jointing stage, booting stage, filling stage, dough stage, and maturing stage) of rice plants, to clear and definite the key growth stages of rice plants for Cd accumulating in brown rice, so as to provide directions of rice safety production by taking suitable measures timely for reducing Cd contents in brown rice. 【Method】 Taking Xiangwanxian 13 (a late rice variety) as the studied plant, a hydroponic experiment with rice plants was conducted with seven treatments of exogenous Cd application, including CG (whole growth stages with Cd stress, 102 d), TS (tilling stage with Cd stress, 15 d), JS (jointing stage with Cd stress, 15 d), BS (booting stage with Cd stress, 21 d), FS (filling stage with Cd stress, 18 d), DS (dough stage with Cd stress, 15 d), and MS (maturing stage with Cd stress, 18 d). All seven treatments were repeated 3 times and another treatment of the whole growth stages without Cd stress as control (CK). Exogenous Cd in each treatment was the same as 20 μg·L ^-1. The hydroponic experiment started in July 23, 2017, at the rice experiment base of Central South University of Forestry and Technology in Changsha, Hunan province. Agronomic characters (plant height, tiller number, and biomass of rice tissues) and Cd contents in various rice tissues were determined after harvest in November 19, 2017. Cd amounts and the relative contribution rates of Cd accumulation at different growth stages to Cd accumulation in brown rice at maturing stage were calculated. 【Result】 The results showed that exogenous Cd application at different growth stage of rice plants did not affect plant height, tiller number, and biomass of rice tissues. At the filling stage with Cd stress, Cd contents in brown rice was the highest and reached to 1.05 mg·kg ^-1, which was significantly higher than Cd contents in brown rice with Cd stress at the maturing stage (0.57 mg·kg ^-1), booting stage (0.52 mg·kg ^-1), dough stage (0.38 mg·kg ^-1), jointing stage (0.31 mg·kg ^-1), and tilling stage (0.17 mg·kg ^-1). The range of Cd amounts in brown rice with Cd stress at different growth stages were 0.18-1.56 μg/plant, and the sequence of Cd amounts were: whole growth stages with Cd stress>filling stage with Cd stress>maturing stage with Cd stress>booting stage with Cd stress>jointing stage with Cd stress>tilling stage with Cd stress. The booting stage, filling stage and maturing stage of rice plants were the key growth stages for Cd accumulating in brown rice, and the relative contribution rates of Cd accumulating in brown rice at these three growth stages were 19.7%, 39.3%, and 22.6%, respectively. The contributions of Cd stress to Cd accumulating in brown rice were 2.4%, 4.2%, and 11.9% at the tillering, jointing, and dough stage, respectively, which were relatively lower compared with the other three stages. Cd contents in rice roots, stem, ear, and husk at booting stage and filling stage were all higher except the whole growth stages with Cd stress. There was no significant difference in Cd content in rice leaves (P>0.05) at different growth stages with Cd stress. At the tillering stage and filling stage with Cd stress, Cd amounts in rice roots were 86.09 μg/plant and 79.23 μg/plant, respectively, which was significantly higher than those at the other stages of rice plants (31.55-40.37 μg/plant). Compared to the other stages, Cd amounts in rice plants at the booting stage and filling stage with Cd stress were high, reaching 107.13 μg/plant and 98.35 μg/plant, respectively, which was significantly higher than those at the other four stages of rice plants (42.24-52.47 μg/plant). 【Conclusion】 The booting stage, filling stage, and maturing stage of rice plants were the key growth stages for controlling Cd accumulation in brown rice. With Cd stress at the booting stage and filling stage, the Cd accumulation in the root and brown rice at the maturing stage were higher than those other stages. Therefore, the Cd accumulation in brown rice could be reduced by applying soil amendments at the booting stage and filling stage of rice plants to obstruct root absorbing Cd or reducing Cd transportation from rice root to brown rice.

Key words: rice (Oryza sativa L.), hydroponic experiment, Cd stress, growth stage, Cd accumulation

WANG QianQian,JIA RunYu,LI HongCheng,ZHOU Hang,YANG WenTao,GU JiaoFeng,PENG PeiQin,LIAO BoHan. Key Growth Stage of Cd Accumulation in Brown Rice Through a Hydroponic Experiment with Cd Stress[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(23): 4424-4433.

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Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Experimental design"

处理 Treatment	胁迫时间 Stress time (d)	试验处理 Experimental treatment	胁迫时期 Stress stage
CK	0	不添加外源Cd,仅在自来水中添加营养液 Adding nutrient solution to tap water without exogenous Cd	无 No
TS	15	水稻幼苗移栽后在营养液中添加外源Cd使营养液中的Cd浓度保持在20 μg·L^-1,加Cd至分蘖期结束 Adding exogenous Cd to nutrient solution until to the end of tillering stage after transplanting, and keeping Cd concentration in nutrient solution at 20 μg·L^-1	分蘖期 Tillering stage
JS	15	水稻分蘖期结束开始加外源Cd使营养液中的Cd浓度保持在20 μg·L^-1,加Cd至拔节期结束 Adding exogenous Cd to nutrient solution from the end of tillering stage to the end of jointing stage, and keeping Cd concentration in nutrient solution at 20 μg·L^-1	拔节期 Jointing stage
BS	21	水稻拔节期结束开始加外源Cd使营养液中的Cd浓度保持在20 μg·L^-1,加Cd至孕穗期结束 Adding exogenous Cd to nutrient solution from the end of jointing stage to the end of booting stage, and keeping Cd concentration in nutrient solution at 20 μg·L^-1	孕穗期 Booting stage
FS	18	水稻孕穗期结束开始加外源Cd使营养液中的Cd浓度保持在20 μg·L^-1,加Cd至灌浆期结束 Adding exogenous Cd to nutrient solution from the end of booting stage to the end of filling stage, and keeping Cd concentration in nutrient solution at 20 μg·L^-1	灌浆期 Filling stage
DS	15	水稻灌浆期结束开始加外源Cd使营养液中的Cd浓度保持在20 μg·L^-1,加Cd至腊熟期结束 Adding exogenous Cd to nutrient solution from the end of filling stage to the end of dough stage, and keeping Cd concentration in nutrient solution at 20 μg·L^-1	腊熟期 Dough stage
MS	18	水稻腊熟期结束开始加外源Cd使营养液中的Cd浓度保持在20 μg·L^-1,加Cd至成熟期结束 Adding exogenous Cd to nutrient solution from the end of dough stage to the end of maturing stage, and keeping Cd concentration in nutrient solution at 20 μg·L^-1	成熟期 Maturing stage
CG	102	水稻幼苗移栽后在营养液中添加外源Cd使营养液中的Cd浓度保持在20 μg·L^-1,加Cd至成熟期结束 Adding exogenous Cd to nutrient solution until to the end of maturing stage after transplanting, and keeping Cd concentration in nutrient solution at 20 μg·L^-1	全生育时期 Whole growth stages

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处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	分蘖数 Tiller number	水稻各部位生物量 Cd contents in rice tissues (g/plant)
处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	分蘖数 Tiller number	糙米 Brown rice	谷壳 Husk	穗 Ear	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	根 Root	总生物量 Total biomass
CK	105.7±4.7a	17±1ab	1.5±0.5a	7.6±2.2ab	1.9±1.0a	14.6±1.2a	23.2±2.6ab	8.0±0.4a	56.8±3.8a
CG	106.7±4.7a	15±1b	1.6±0.1a	8.4±2.1ab	2.4±0.2a	17.2±2.4a	15.9±2.5b	7.0±0.5a	52.4±2.8a
TS	105.0±4.1a	15±1b	1.1±0.1a	5.5±0.8ab	2.4±0.2a	17.6±4.4a	18.6±4.1ab	7.0±1.3a	52.2±6.7a
JS	101.7±2.4a	22±1a	0.9±0.5a	4.1±1.8b	2.9±0.9a	14.8±5.0a	19.8±4.7ab	8.3±2.0a	50.8±14.0a
BS	103.3±9.4a	17±1ab	1.4±0.4a	6.2±4.2ab	2.3±0.4a	15.6±1.2a	20.4±4.8ab	6.7±0.7a	52.7±10.9a
FS	106.7±2.4a	17±1ab	1.3±0.6a	4.0±1.4b	2.5±0.1a	14.7±1.3a	19.7±2.6ab	6.5±1.3a	48.7±3.0a
DS	105.0±4.1a	19±2ab	1.3±0.2a	9.9±2.0ab	3.0±0.3a	14.5±3.5a	18.8±4.9ab	7.6±1.7a	55.1±6.5a
MS	105.0±4.1a	18±2ab	1.5±0.0a	11.3±5.6a	2.8±0.5a	16.0±1.5a	26.1±2.7a	7.8±0.3a	65.4±8.1a

处理 Treatment	谷壳 Husk	穗 Ear	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	根 Root
CK	0.10±0.03c	0.05±0.01b	0.02±0.01b	0.07±0.03b	1.60±0.09c
CG	1.04±0.34a	0.74±0.29a	0.99±0.07a	3.00±1.78a	22.32±4.99a
TS	0.31±0.05bc	0.27±0.08b	0.12±0.02b	0.23±0.04b	5.72±1.53c
JS	0.45±0.09bc	0.22±0.10b	0.08±0.02b	0.45±0.15b	5.02±0.78c
BS	0.71±0.18ab	0.52±0.18ab	0.11±0.05b	0.72±0.27b	12.89±0.97b
FS	0.96±0.23a	0.37±0.18ab	0.07±0.02b	0.60±0.27b	12.51±1.64b
DS	0.27±0.07c	0.36±0.14ab	0.08±0.02b	0.25±0.07b	4.53±0.94c
MS	0.27±0.06c	0.13±0.10b	0.08±0.03b	0.21±0.17b	4.09±2.05c

处理 Treatment	糙米 Brown rice	谷壳 Husk	穗 Ear	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	根 Root	植株 Rice plant
CK	0.11±0.02d	0.66±0.11b	0.10±0.05c	0.24±0.01b	1.64±0.60b	12.71±1.44c	15.45±2.12c
CG	1.56±0.24a	8.85±3.48a	1.76±0.33a	17.16±3.81a	43.02±20.56a	155.87±34.41a	228.21±55.88a
TS	0.18±0.03cd	1.72±0.29b	0.63±0.12bc	2.25±0.81b	4.20±0.71b	38.10±4.23c	47.08±3.38c
JS	0.24±0.03cd	1.92±1.20b	0.66±0.33bc	1.02±0.36b	8.25±1.83b	40.37±5.27c	52.47±6.81c
BS	0.75±0.28c	4.06±2.16b	1.14±0.23ab	1.69±0.65b	13.42±2.20b	86.09±2.36b	107.13±3.11b
FS	1.39±0.69ab	3.74±1.08b	0.90±0.43bc	0.98±0.30b	12.11±6.58b	79.23±5.21b	98.35±6.22b
DS	0.49±0.19cd	2.57±0.48b	1.06±0.36ab	1.17±0.53b	4.61±1.76b	32.77±1.23c	42.68±2.10c
MS	0.84±0.04bc	3.33±2.26b	0.32±0.17bc	1.22±0.40b	4.97±3.65b	31.55±15.30c	42.24±18.08c

Key Growth Stage of Cd Accumulation in Brown Rice Through a Hydroponic Experiment with Cd Stress

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