西兰花残体还田对棉花黄萎病防治效果及其对不同生育时期土壤细菌群落的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.24.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to research the effects of broccoli residues (BR) on cotton verticillium wilt and soil bacterial community structure at different growth stages, and to provide new ways and ideas for green ecological control of cotton verticillium wilt and reduction of chemical pesticides.【Method】In the field plot experiment, the soil planted with cotton was treated with broccoli residues and no broccoli residues (CK). The incidence dynamics of cotton verticillium wilt in different treatments were monitored at different growth stages. The number of DNA copies of Verticillium dahliae was determined by real-time quantitative PCR, and the structure of soil bacterial communities was measured by high-throughput sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). The effects of broccoli residues returning to soil on the quantity of pathogen and the community of soil bacteria were analyzed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to explore the characteristics and rules of structural changes of soil bacterial community at the level of phylum and genus in different growth stages.【Result】The incidence and disease index of cotton verticillium wilt showed a downward trend after the return of broccoli residues to soil, respectively. Moreover, the peak period of verticillium wilt was delayed, and 70.77% control efficacy was achieved at the peak period. The development curve of disease index and time course of disease in the whole growth period was established, and the average control efficacy was 57.21%. Compared to the blank control, the number of DNA copies of V. dahliae was decreased by 10.96%, 11.11%, 25.95% and 11.25% at the 4 stages of cotton growing and non-growing season, respectively, after the return of broccoli residues to soil. Illumina MiSeq analysis showed that broccoli residues treatment significantly increased soil bacterial diversity. The richness index Chao1 was increased significantly at all growth stages, and the ACE index was significantly increased at the pre-sowing stage, flowering and boll stage and boll-opening stage. Compared to the blank control, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was increased significantly at different growth stages after the return of broccoli residues to soil. Meanwhile, the results showed that there were differences in the composition of dominant microorganisms at different growth stages after the return of broccoli residues to soil. For example, Firmicutes increased to the dominant microflora at the pre-sowing stage and seedling stage, and Cyanobacteria became the dominant microflora at the bud stage and flowering and boll stage. Principal component analysis showed that broccoli residues to soil changed the structure of bacterial community at seedling stage, bud stage, flowering and boll stage and boll-opening stage. Further analysis showed that the relative abundance of Streptomyces and Bacillus was significantly increased after the return of broccoli residues to soil.【Conclusion】Broccoli residues returning to soil can effectively inhibit the occurrence of cotton verticillium wilt, reduce the number of DNA copies of V. dahliae in soil, change the structure of soil bacterial community, and increase the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms, which is an effective green measure to control cotton verticillium wilt.

Key words: broccoli residues, Verticillium dahliae, cotton verticillium wilt, bacterial community structure, Illumina MiSeq, growth stage

WeiSong ZHAO,QingGang GUO,SheZeng LI,YaJiao WANG,XiuYun LU,PeiPei WANG,ZhenHe SU,XiaoYun ZHANG,Ping MA. Control Efficacy of Broccoli Residues on Cotton Verticillium Wilt and Its Effect on Soil Bacterial Community at Different Growth Stages[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(24): 4505-4517.

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References 42

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时期 Stage	处理 Treatment	测序 Reads	丰富度Richness		均匀度Evenness
时期 Stage	处理 Treatment	测序 Reads	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	ACE指数 ACE index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	香浓指数 Shannon index
播种前期 Pre-sowing stage	对照CK	38251.50±293.50a	2814.33±14.34a	2813.33±69.14a	0.9986±0.0002a	10.67±0.13a
播种前期 Pre-sowing stage	西兰花残体BR	39434.67±2787.82a	3339.07±262.21b	3419.18±147.49b	0.9970±0.0007a	10.18±0.10a
苗期 Seedling stage	对照CK	38800.00±206.00a	2703.00±12.25a	2669.00±41.67a	0.9984±0.0001a	10.56±0.08a
苗期 Seedling stage	西兰花残体BR	42364.67±3689.72a	2795.04±64.96b	2691.80±68.21a	0.9984±0.0000a	10.56±0.06a
蕾期 Bud stage	对照CK	42593.50±495.50a	3039.57±46.12a	3143.00±80.87a	0.9985±0.0002a	10.67±0.21a
蕾期 Bud stage	西兰花残体BR	41670.00±2906.67a	3624.21±223.84b	3173.46±99.20a	0.9983±0.0000a	10.16±0.44a
花铃期 Flowering and boll stage	对照CK	36694.00±35.00a	2861.00±36.34a	2861.00±31.38a	0.9987±0.0000a	10.71±0.25a
花铃期 Flowering and boll stage	西兰花残体BR	41284.67±3638.72a	3763.18±167.23b	3946.36±97.67b	0.9982±0.0002a	10.49±0.11a
吐絮期 Boll-opening stage	对照CK	36369.50±75.50a	2543.33±57.97a	2558.00±60.21a	0.9965±0.0006a	10.33±0.33a
吐絮期 Boll-opening stage	西兰花残体BR	34275.33±2063.41a	2665.31±259.75b	2813.93±279.95b	0.9974±0.0001a	10.12±0.34a

属 Genus	时期Stage
	播种前期 Pre-sowing stage		苗期 Seedling stage		蕾期 Bud stage		花铃期 Flowering and boll stage		吐絮期 Boll-opening stage
	CKT0	BRT0	CKT1	BRT1	CKT2	BRT2	CKT3	BRT3	CKT4	BRT4
Haliangium	1.93b	0.96a	2.16b	1.58a	0.75b	0.54a	1.21b	1.07a	1.48b	0.87a
鞘脂单胞菌属Sphingomonas	2.18b	1.57a	2.73a	2.66a	2.13a	2.32b	2.51b	2.33a	1.24b	1.16a
Iamia	1.28a	1.16a	0.40a	0.65b	0.51a	0.90b	0.82a	1.01b	0.63a	1.66b
芽单胞菌属Gemmatimonas	0.98b	0.34a	1.08b	0.88a	1.49b	0.81a	2.27b	1.01a	0.57a	1.12b
硝化螺菌属Nitrospira	0.81a	1.03b	1.34a	1.32a	0.70b	0.51a	1.07a	0.93a	1.03b	0.61a
红色杆菌属Rubrobacter	0.72b	0.55a	1.11b	0.82a	1.20b	0.68a	0.93b	0.75a	0.85a	0.84a
Pontibacter	0.77b	0.22a	1.36b	0.61a	0.96b	0.56a	0.96b	0.47a	0.20a	0.13a
游动放线菌属Actinoplanes	0.40b	0.28a	0.48a	0.55b	0.67a	1.74b	1.81b	0.50a	0.76a	0.76b
Bryobacter	0.55b	0.45a	0.98b	0.73a	0.76b	0.50a	1.20b	0.61a	0.53a	0.58a
气微菌属Aeromicrobium	0.83b	0.48a	1.68b	1.16a	0.67a	0.82b	0.60b	0.47a	0.17a	0.58b
玫瑰弯菌属Roseiflexus	0.29a	0.43b	0.53a	0.65b	0.63b	0.30a	1.13b	0.67a	0.61a	0.87b
Solirubrobacter	0.46b	0.35a	0.60a	0.62a	0.50a	0.54a	1.01b	0.70a	0.54a	0.53a
类诺卡氏属Nocardioides	0.53a	0.69b	0.42a	0.40a	0.56a	0.68b	0.84a	1.03b	0.34a	0.63b
溶杆菌属Lysobacter	0.65a	0.67a	0.98b	0.55a	0.19a	0.50b	0.23a	0.57b	0.20a	0.75b
链霉菌属Streptomyces	0.29a	0.83b	0.23a	0.35b	0.48a	1.16b	0.39a	0.55b	0.27a	0.55b
芽孢杆菌属Bacillus	0.33a	1.29b	0.23a	0.62b	0.40a	0.53b	0.29a	0.61b	0.20a	0.19a
Nonomuraea	0.26a	2.58b	0.01a	0.07b	0.14a	0.30b	0.06a	0.07a	0.07a	0.74b
其他Others	86.75a	86.10a	83.66a	85.77b	87.25b	86.61a	82.67a	86.65b	90.64b	87.43a

Control Efficacy of Broccoli Residues on Cotton Verticillium Wilt and Its Effect on Soil Bacterial Community at Different Growth Stages

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