光照节律调控鸡繁殖性能机制研究进展

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.16.015

Abstract

Abstract: Light is an important environmental factor for the organism. Artificial lighting has been widely utilized in modern poultry production. The poultry is light-sensitive. Light regulates their growth, production, and reproduction, and therefore affects the production efficiency. Light has now been another important environmental factor for poultry industry besides temperature, humidity, and ventilation. As a classical model animal, the studies of the effects of light on chicken reproductive physiology and the underlying mechanism would be of scientific significance. The photoreception of poultry and the effects of light schedule on chicken sexual maturity and reproduction were summarized in this review. The research progress on ahemeral lighting schedule, photorefractory, and light management during eggs incubation was also included. This review aimed at providing better understanding the effect of light schedule on poultry reproduction and the underlying mechanism. Perceiving the lighting by photoreceptors including eyes (retina), the deep brain tissue, and the pineal gland, the poultry transfers the lighting information to biological signals and affect the neuroendocrine system, especially the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis to affect the growth and reproduction. The gonad of birds develops rapidly and shows sensibility for the lighting length during rearing period. Lighting length of too short or long may impede the development or accelerate sexual maturity. The studies showed that a constant light of 8 or 9 h might assure the body condition and potential of reproduction performance. The lighting schedule parameters during the laying period of poultry includes photostimulation and lighting length. Photostimulation must be applied at a right age to assure the concurrent sexual maturity. Because of limited researches in yellow-feathered laying hens, most often they follow the photostimulation strategy of high-producing hens or with slight delay of photostimulation age. Lighting length is also critical for the reproduction performance. Laying hens (breeders) need long lighting period to keep productive during the laying period. There are, however, many differences between broiler breeders and layer hens (breeders), such as body condition, feeding and physiological characters, and photo factory. Broiler breeders are suggested to have shorter lighting length (14 or 15 h) than laying hens (breeders) (16 or 17 h). The advanced sexual maturity is meaningful for poultry industry. With the development of semen dilution and preservation, and alternate use of male breeders, more and more studies are focusing on the effects of light on the reproduction of male breeders. Housing the male breeder underling the same lighting length as females after sexual maturity may reduce semen quality. It is therefore necessary to provide different lighting schedule management for male and female if condition permits. Different from the normal 24-h lighting schedule, ahemeral lighting schedule can increase egg weight, but may lessen production. It is not widely used in practice due to European standards for animal welfare regulations and its inconsistency with the regular schedule of the employee. The study of ahemeral lighting schedule is, however, still important for understanding of the biorhythm of poultry.

Key words: chicken, lighting schedule, reproduction, regulatory mechanism

SHI Lei, LI YunLei, SUN YanYan, CHEN JiLan. Research Progress on the Regulatory Mechanism of Lighting Schedule Affecting the Reproduction Performance of Chickens[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(16): 3191-3200.

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Research Progress on the Regulatory Mechanism of Lighting Schedule Affecting the Reproduction Performance of Chickens

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