生物钟在蛋鸡排卵-产蛋过程中的调控作用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.16.014

Abstract

Abstract: The endogenous circadian rhythm enables the organisms to predict the changes of environmental cycle, which maintains consistency between body metabolism and the external environment. During the maturation of follicular, ovulation, and the formation of egg in birds, the coincidence of the different physiological processes in time shows the unity of the body itself and the coordination between the body and the environment. Biological clock participates in a series of behavior and physiological processes such as nutrition intake, the production of endocrine hormones and energy metabolism. In the present review, the role of biological clock in neuroendocrine, energy intake and energy metabolism has been discussed, from the points of light factor and nutrition factor, to reveal the potential regulating mechanism underlying ovulation and egg laying of hens. (1) Light signal acts on hypothalamic- pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) by regulating the biological clock to influence reproductive activities. Under the stimulation of light, the central clocks in suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and pineal act on hypothalamus, and make it to release gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotropin inhibitory hormones (GnIH) periodically. GnRH and GnIH then act on pituitary, and make it to release gonadotropin hormone, that is luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Periphery clocks in ovary receive the central synchronization signal to maintain the biological rhythm, thereby regulating the maturation of follicles and ovulation. (2) In addition to being regulated by the neuroendocrine system of HPG axis, the ovulation-egg production process of laying hens is also affected by the body's energy metabolism. The central and peripheral clock genes regulate the appetite regulation system and thus affect energy intake; Biological clock can regulate the expression of key enzymes in the process of metabolism, integrate the nuclear receptors and nutrition signaling proteins, regulate metabolism sensors and metabolites, affect gut microbes to regulate energy metabolism, and affect the synthesis, transport and deposition of yolk precursor; Melatonin secreted by bird's pineal can regulate calcium metabolism rhythmically by mediating the secretion of calcitonin, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and estrogen, and influence the formation of egg shell. The time and the behavior of energy intake, the body energy metabolism and energy status can also modulate biological clock, through some appetite regulation and energy metabolism related cytokines such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α (PPARα). There are interactions between nutrient, biological clock and energy metabolism, which accommodate organisms with the surrounding and optimize the energy utilization. Therefore, by adjusting the time of eating and the composition of feed (such as the energy level of feed and calcium level), energy metabolism can be changed to regulate the function of the biological clock. In conclusion, it will provide a new perspective for researching regulation mechanism of egg laying, if we make an integrated study on environment factor (light management) and nutrition (feeding time and feed formula) in which biological clock linked external factors and internal energy metabolism, that is, biological clock can both response to environmental stimuli, and regulate the body's energy metabolism process, to optimize the various physiological functions.

Key words: biological clock, laying hen, egg laying, light, energy

WANG XiaoJuan, LIU Lei, JIAO HongChao, ZHAO JingPeng, LIN Hai. Regulation of Biological Clock in Ovulation-Laying of Laying Hens[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(16): 3181-3190.

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