超级杂交稻两优培九高产的光合特性及其生理基础

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.21.001

Abstract

Abstract: Two-line super hybrid rice Liangyoupeijiu (Peiai64S/9311) is a landmark of China’s super rice project and proud of the largest planting area in the last fifteen years. Compared with its parent 9311 and the large-scale planted hybrid rice Shanyou 63, Liangyoupeijiu has obvious yield superiority and competitive advantage. The most important biological basis is its good photosynthetic characteristics which results in higher biomass. Studying its photosynthetic characteristics could help to understand the photosynthetic growth of high yield hybrid rice, and improve the light efficiency by exploratory breeding technology, and provide a theoretical basis and technical approaches for super high-yielding rice breeding. After summarization of the various relevant studies, it was found that, in comparison with 9311 and Shanyou 63, Liangyoupeijiu shows higher light absorption, transmission and transformation efficiency and carbon assimilation which result in obvious advantages in Pn and other photosynthetic characters. The characters are: showing adaptation or tolerance of higher or lower light intensity even UV-B enhance, and stronger resistance to aging; with various strategies to resist lower or higher temperature, showing stronger adaptation or tolerance of damaged temperatures; showing less damage under water stress; photosynthetic rate increased with nitrogen levels, and had advantages of photosynthetic capacity both in lower and higher nitrogen; photosynthesis increased by higher atmospheric CO₂ concentration, and tolerance stronger on soil pH, salt stress and so on. Those excellent photosynthetic properties have their physiological basis. Its chlorophyll content is higher, and declined later and slowly, which results in a higher chlorophyll content in its late growing stage. It has a higher Rubisco initial carboxylation activity, total carboxylation activity and activation rate. The expression of C₄ photosynthetic pathways is up-regulated by its higher activity of C₄ enzymes, and caused both lower photosynthetic compensation point of light intensity and CO₂ concentration, and a lower photorespiratory activity as well, which shows obvious C₄ photosynthetic characteristics. The activities of antioxidase such as SOD and POD in its leaves are higher, which eliminate the endogenous O₂^.- and H₂O₂, so that it shows more stronger resistance to membrane lipid peroxidation. The authors consider that hybrid rice breeding with high-yielding should pay more attention to "three excellent traits" by combining with genetic trait of strong heterosis, morphological trait of plant ideotype, and functional trait of fine photosynthetic performance. Exploring the relationship among C₄ photosynthetic pathways, high photosynthesis and grain yield of Liangyoupeijiu, and studying photosynthetic characteristics of more other new types of hybrid with super high yield are both very meaningful to deepen the understanding of photosynthetic growth of such high-yielding hybrid rice, and explore the targeted technology to promote the C₄ photosynthesis function for further improving of the photosynthetic production and grain yield in future hybrid rice production.

Key words: Liangyoupeijiu, super high-yielding hybrid rice, photosynthesis, physiology, breeding

Lü ChuanGen, LI Xia, CHEN GuoXiang. Photosynthetic Characteristics and Its Physiological Basis of Super High-Yielding Hybrid Rice Liangyoupeijiu[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(21): 4055-4070.

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Photosynthetic Characteristics and Its Physiological Basis of Super High-Yielding Hybrid Rice Liangyoupeijiu

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