郁闭柑橘园整形改造对植株冠层生理特性、产量和果实品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.09.019

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The effect of canopy modification on tree canopy characteristics, photosynthesis, nutrition metabolism, fruit production and quality was investigated in closed citrus orchard, with the aim to lay a foundation for tree shape modification, orchard management, agronomic trait supporting for aviation technology and so on.【Method】‘Olinda valencia’ orange of 15 years old was used in this study, which was grafted on ‘Carrizo’ Citrange (C. sinensis×P. trifoliata). The selected trees were modified to open center, hedgerow and trunk shapes, respectively, and those without any modification served as the control (CK). With them, the variation of tree canopy characteristics, leaf nutrition, chlorophyll fluorescence, fruit quality and yield per tree was evaluated.【Result】From June to September after modification, the leaf area index and mean leaf inclination were both increased in all shapes, most remarkably in open center shape, while the transmit coefficient for defuse penetration, transmit coefficient for radiation penetration as well as photosynthetical active radiation were opposite. The tree canopy characteristics were significantly different among all shapes, of which canopy transmittance was gradually increased in an order of open center shape＞trunk shape＞hedgerow shape＞CK. The leaf fluorescence parameters including F_o, F_m and D_owere all decreased in all shapes. During experimental time, the values of F_o and F_m of CK were significantly higher than those in other shapes, especially in open center shape. The RC/CS_O, j_Po j_Eo, j_Ro,y_Ro, d_Ro PI _abs, PI_totaland so on were decreased in all shapes and the biggest drops were observed in CK, which obviously higher than that in open center shape. The photosystem activities in leaves, utilization efficiency of solar energy and photosynthetic capacities were all improved by tree shape modification. The contents of N, P, K and Zn in all shapes were decreased, while Ca, S, Fe, Mn and Cu were gradually accumulated. Compared to CK, the contents of N, Ca, S and Fe were higher in other modified shapes. The yield per tree was 101.1, 69.1, 89.11 and 64.65 kg, and the soluble solid content of fruits with 10.66%, 10.62%, 10.31% and 9.94% were observed in open center shape, hedgerow shape, trunk shape and CK, respectively.【Conclusion】In this study, the canopy modification in closed citrus orchard significantly improved canopy light condition, photosynthetic capacity and N content in leaves, which led to an increase in yield per tree as well as improvement of fruit quality. Of these shapes, the open center shape was better than other shape.

Key words: closed citrus orchard, canopy characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence, mineral elements, yield per tree, fruit quality

HU DeYu, LIU XueFeng, HE ShaoLan, XIE RangJin, QIAN Chun, Lü Qiang, YI ShiLai, ZHENG YongQiang, DENG Lie. Effect of Plant Canopy Transformation on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics and Fruit Yield and Quality in Closed Citrus Orchard[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(9): 1734-1746.

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