不同地力下基蘖肥运筹比例对水稻产量及氮肥吸收利用的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.10.004

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of the experiment is to study the effect of ratio of basal and tiller fertilizer on yield, nitrogen use efficiency and rice population indices, and explore the optimum split ratio of basal and tiller fertilizer under different soil fertility for high-yielding rice. 【Method】 In this study, a field plot experiment was carried out with five different ratios of basal and tiller N fertilizer (0:10, 3:7, 5:5, 7:3, 10:0) under low and high fertility soil using Wuyunjing 23 as planting material, respectively. The tiller dynamics, dry matter accumulation and translocation, N uptake and utilization, and yield and yield components were measured.【Result】 Under low fertility soil, the maximum tiller number decreased, while the tillering rate, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen utilization and yield showed an inclination first then declination with the increasing ratio of tiller fertilizer, the yield and NUE were significantly higher than other treatments when the basal: tiller ratio of 3:7 and 5:5 with the total N rate of 300 and 240 kg·hm^-2, which could reach 13.12 t·hm^-2, 13.16 t·hm^-2 and 27.00 kg·kg^-1, 29.28 kg·kg^-1, respectively. Under high soil fertility, with the increasing ratio of tiller fertilizer, the panicle number first increased then declined while grains per panicle appeared increasing, a declination tendency was observed for yield and nitrogen utilization, but the differences among different treatments were not significant. Compared with those under low soil fertility, the tillering rate and maximum tillers were higher and the duration to maximum tillers was shorten under high soil fertility; more dry matter was accumulated after heading under high soil fertility, thus the filling rate and grain weight was higher than that of low soil fertility which resulted in the higher yield under high soil fertility. The tiller number and the maximum tillers were the lowest under no basal fertilizer treatment, and the tillering was delayed in spite of the soil fertility, which proved that basal fertilizer is essential for tillering. With the increase of basal N rate, the time for tillering was shorten, but the tillering rate reduced and the time to effective panicles was prolonged due to the lack of nitrogen supply at tillering stage. Therefore, optimizing the N split ratio of basal to tillering is essential for high rice yield. For this study, 60 kg N·hm^-2 of basal N and 1:1 of basal to tillering N was optimum for low fertility soil, and the N rate can be reduced from 300 kg·hm^-2 to 240 kg·hm^-2 while maintaining the high yield of 13 t·hm^-2.【Conclusion】The effect of different ratios of basal and tiller N fertilizer on yield and NUE varied with the soil fertility condition, and also depends on the total N rate. For low fertility soil, rational split ratio of basal and tiller N is very important to achieve the high yield and avoid the excess N input.

Key words: rice, ratio of basal and tiller N fertilizer, soil fertility, yield and yield components, NUE, tiller dynamic

FAN Li-hui, XU Shan-shan, HOU Peng-fu, XUE Li-hong, LI Gang-hua, DING Yan-feng, YANG Lin-zhang. Effect of Different Ratios of Basal to Tiller Nitrogen on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Under Different Soil Fertility[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(10): 1872-1884.

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