麦茬高度对机播夏玉米苗期生长及水分利用的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.19.003

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】In winter wheat-summer maize rotation system, wheat stubble was retained in field after harvest and maize seeds were sowed directly without tillage. Standing stubble height affected light penetration and straw residue amounts, which might affect soil water humidity, maize emergence rate and crop development. This research aimed at finding out a proper standing stubble height to increase water use efficiency and emergence rate, and finally to improve grain yield of summer maize.【Method】Summer maize hybrid Zhengdan958 was used as experimental materials. A 3yr (2012-2014) field experiment was conducted in order to explore a proper stubble height at Wuqiao Experimental Station of China Agricultural University, Hebei Province. Three stubble height treatments were compared: 35, 25, and 15 cm. The emergence rate, crop growth parameters, dry matter accumulation, soil water consumption and water use efficiency of summer maize were measured in this research. 【Result】From sowing to jointing stage, the treatment with stubble height 35 cm significantly reduced soil water consumption amount, while emergence rate and plant height uniformity of summer maize were both increased significantly. Plant height and leaf area of 35 cm stubble were both greater while stems were thinner than under shorter stubble height treatments at 4-leaf stage. At jointing stage, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry biomass of 35 cm stubble height were all the greatest among treatments. Summer maize yield of 35 cm stubble height was 10.59% and 5.31% higher than that of 25 and 15 cm. Increased grain yields were the result of the increase of kernels number per unit area. Moreover, water use efficiency was 21.55% and 12.64% greater than that of 25 and 15 cm, respectively. The water use efficiency showed large differences between annual precipitations. During the years with more rainfall, water use efficiency was low.【Conclusion】Wheat stubble height of 35 cm was helpful to maize seedling growth and strongly improved the grain yield and water use efficiency of summer maize.

Key words: wheat stubble height, summer maize, seedling growth and development, water use efficiency, yield

GAO Ying-bo, TAO Hong-bin, ZHU Jin-cheng, HUANG Shou-bing, XU Cai-long, SHENG Yao-hui, WANG Pu. Effects of Wheat Stubble Height on Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Mechanized Sowing Summer Maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(19): 3803-3810.

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