Multi-omics approach reveals the contribution of brassinosteroids to salt tolerance for seed germination in rice

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2025.08.008

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

2026, Vol. 25

Issue (6): 2288-2298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.08.008

Crop Science

Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search

Multi-omics approach reveals the contribution of brassinosteroids to salt tolerance for seed germination in rice

Min Xiong^1*, Chuxin Wang^2*, Xinrui Liang¹, Jiawen Yu², Tingting Liu², Bin Peng¹, Xiaoxuan Du¹, Tingyu Yang³, Gongneng Feng^1#, Qiaoquan Liu^2#, Qianfeng Li^2#

¹College of Marine and Biology Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224007, China

² Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

³Yancheng Wetland and Natural World Heritage Conservation & Management Center, Yancheng 224007, China

Highlights

● Brassinosteroids (BRs) enhance the salt tolerance of rice seeds by improving their antioxidant capacity during germination.

● Five genes and two metabolites were identified as key contributors to this process.

● OsDWF4 can promote the development and utilization of salt-tolerant rice germplasm.

Abstract
References

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摘要

种子萌发是植物生命周期的起点，对盐胁迫表现出高度敏感性。盐胁迫是限制水稻生产的重要环境因子。油菜素甾醇（Brassinosteroid, BR）作为一种生长促进类植物激素，能够缓解水稻因遭遇盐、干旱、极端温度等逆境胁迫而产生的伤害。然而，BR在种子萌发过程中缓解盐胁迫的机制仍不明确。本研究证实，在种子中特异性过表达BR生物合成途径中的限速基因OsDWF4，可显著提升水稻萌发率。过表达OsDWF4可提高种子中内源BR含量，进而在盐胁迫下促进萌发。该结果与外源施加BR所得结果一致。抗氧化酶实验证实，BR可增强萌发种子中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性。代谢组学分析揭示，BR主要通过加强苯丙烷类及次生代谢产物的生物合成来缓解盐胁迫。转录组分析表明，增加内源和外源BR具有五个相同的靶基因，并通过一条共同的通路来合成芪类化合物、二芳基庚烷类化合物和姜酚。综上所述，这些发现不仅证实了BR在盐胁迫下具有增强种子萌发的能力，还为培育适应直播的耐盐水稻新品种提供了多个BR介导的靶点。

Abstract

Seed germination, which initiates the plant life cycle, exhibits high sensitivity to salt stress, a significant environmental factor limiting rice production. Brassinosteroid (BR), a growth-promoting phytohormone, mitigates various stresses including salt, drought, and extreme temperatures in rice. However, the mechanisms by which BR alleviates salt stress during seed germination remain inadequately characterized. This study demonstrates that seed-specific overexpression of OsDWF4, a rate-limiting gene in BR biosynthesis, enhances rice germination. The DWF4-OX lines, which increase endogenous BR content in seeds, promote germination under salt stress, corroborating results obtained through exogenous BR application. Antioxidant enzyme analyses demonstrate that BR enhances the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). Metabolomic analysis reveals that BR mitigates salt stress primarily through the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids and secondary metabolites. Transcriptomic analysis indicates that both endogenous and exogenous BR share five co-regulated target genes and utilize a common biosynthetic pathway for stilbenoids, diarylheptanoids, and gingerols. These findings confirm BR's capacity to enhance seed germination under salt stress and identify several BR-mediated targets for developing salt-tolerant rice varieties suitable for direct seeding cultivation.

Keywords: brassinosteroids seed germination OsDWF4 salt stress multi-omics rice

Received: 14 April 2025 Accepted: 24 June 2025 Online: 05 August 2025

Fund:

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32301853), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK20230715), the Basic Science (Natural Science) Research Project of Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province, China (23KJB210013), the Yellow Sea Wetland Project, China (HHSDKT202303), the Programs from the Government of Jiangsu Province, China (JBGS[2021]001 and PAPD), and the School-level Research Projects of the Yancheng Institute of Technology, China (xjr2022042).

About author: #Correspondence Gongneng Feng, E-mail: ffyalce@ycit.cn; Qiaoquan Liu, E-mail: qqliu@yzu.edu.cn; Qianfeng Li, E-mail: qfli@yzu.edu.cn * These authors contributed equally to this study.

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