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Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2026, Vol. 25 Issue (6): 2268-2287    DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.07.020
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Recent advances in genomic studies for domestication and genetic improvement of traits in goats

Zhanerke Akhatayeva1, 3, Hongying Dan2, Hosein Salehian-Dehkordi1, 2, Talgat Seiteuov4, Abdugani Abdurasulov5, Rustembay Aitjanov6, Kejian Lin1#, Songsong Xu2#

1 Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China

2 College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

3 LPP “Kazakh Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Fodder Production”, Almaty 050071, Kazakhstan

4 Faculty of Agricultural Science, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar 140008, Kazakhstan

5 Department of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Osh State University, Osh 723500, Kyrgyzstan

6 Department of Zooingeneering, Nukus branch of the Samarkand State Veterinary Medicine Livestock and Biotechnology University, Karakalpakstan 230100, Uzbekistan

 Highlights 

A thorough review of goat domestication, integrating evidence from nuclear genomes, mitochondrial DNA, and Y chromosomes.

An overview of genomic and transcriptomic researches focused on identifying critical production and functional traits in goats.

Key insights into current challenges and suggest future strategies to enhance goat breeding programs.

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Abstract  

Goats (Capra hircus) provide a rich source of products, such as meat, milk, and wool, and are important domestic animals in many parts of the world.  Goats were one of the first domesticated livestock species during the late Neolithic period, approximately 11,000 years ago, in the Fertile Crescent.  In the past decades, genomic studies of goats have provided insight into their domestication and genetic basis of economically important traits.  This review outlines the latest advancements that have been made in reference to domestication and genetic improvement of production traits such as meat and carcass quality, reproduction, milk, cashmere, and functional traits such as environmental adaptation and disease-resistance.  Genomic research is entering a new era with the availability of graphical pan-genomics and telomere-to-telomere (T2T) gap-free genome assembly, which will extend our understanding of domestication and molecular mechanistic dissection of economic traits in goats.  We provide new perspectives and future directions for genomics and suggest how the ever-increasing multi-omics dataset will facilitate future studies and molecular breeding in goat.

Keywords:  goat       genomics        genes        domestication        genetic improvement  
Received: 11 October 2024   Accepted: 08 April 2025 Online: 16 July 2025  
Fund: 

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFE0113300), the Project of Northern Agriculture and Livestock Husbandry Technology Innovation Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (BFGJ2022002), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1200900, 2023YFF1001003, and 2023YFF1000900), the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project, China (2023ZD0407106), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32102511, 31661143014, 31972527, 32320103006, and 32272845), and the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (2024TC162).

About author:  #Correspondence Songsong Xu, E-mail: xusongsong@cau.edu.cn; Kejian Lin, E-mail: linkejian@caas.cn

Cite this article: 

Zhanerke Akhatayeva, Hongying Dan, Hosein Salehian-Dehkordi, Talgat Seiteuov, Abdugani Abdurasulov, Rustembay Aitjanov, Kejian Lin, Songsong Xu. 2026. Recent advances in genomic studies for domestication and genetic improvement of traits in goats. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 25(6): 2268-2287.

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