Multi-omic analysis for dietary supplementation of different ratios of soluble and insoluble fiber on intestinal microbiota, metabolites and inflammation of weaned piglets

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2025.05.013

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

2026, Vol. 25

Issue (4): 1606-1618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.05.013

Animal Science · Veterinary Medicine

Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search

Multi-omic analysis for dietary supplementation of different ratios of soluble and insoluble fiber on intestinal microbiota, metabolites and inflammation of weaned piglets

Yetong Xu^1*, Chengyu Zhou^1*, Yingying Lu¹, Xutong Guo¹, Minyue Zong¹, Junwei Zhu¹, Pan Zhou², Jiaman Pang¹, Xie Peng¹, Zhihong Sun^1#

¹ Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
² School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China

Highlights

● Different SDF:IDF ratios showed limited effects on growth performance and intestinal microbiota composition in weaned piglets.
● Dietary fiber supplementation with varying SDF:IDF ratios influenced intestinal barrier integrity in weaned piglets.
● A SDF:IDF ratio of 0.25 upregulated beneficial colonic metabolites and downregulated specific peptides, contributing to improved intestinal integrity.

Abstract
References

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摘要

背景和目的：不同类型的日粮纤维在改善动物肠道健康和整体表现方面发挥着重要作用，但对补充不同比例的可溶性和不可溶性纤维（SDF：IDF）与肠道炎症的关系、其对微生物群和代谢物的影响以及潜在机制的全面评估仍不清楚。本研究旨在研究不同SDF:IDF比例高纤维日粮对断奶仔猪的生长性能、肠道屏障完整性、微生物群及代谢物组成的影响。方法：选用28日龄断奶仔猪，饲喂日粮包括基础日粮（CON）和三种高纤维日粮，SDF:IDF比例分别为0.37、0.25和0.13（HF-0.37、HF-0.25和HF-0.13组），每个处理组10个重复，每个重复2头猪，试验期28天。结果：纤维处理对断奶仔猪生长性能没有显著影响，第 14 天，HF-0.37 组仔猪的干物质表观消化率显著高于 HF-0.25 组和 HF-0.13 组（P < 0.05）。在第14天和第28天，HF-0.37组的结肠肿瘤坏死因子-α、白介素（IL）-1β、IL-6和IL-8的含量较CON、HF-0.25和HF-0.13组显著增加（P < 0.05）。第14天和第28天，HF-0.25组的血浆D-乳酸和内毒素水平较CON组显著降低（P < 0.05），而HF-0.25和HF-0.13组的仔猪结肠紧密连接蛋白zonula occludens 1表达与CON和HF-0.37组相比在第14天时上调（P < 0.05）。在转录水平上，三种高纤维日粮影响了肠道中与炎症和免疫反应相关的信号通路。HF-0.25组在第14天上调了仔猪结肠中的3-吲哚丁酸、烟酸和3-甲基硫丙胺水平，并在第28天降低了一些小肽的水平。结论： HF-0.25日粮纤维组，对仔猪的肠道完整性具有积极影响，这可能与结肠中肠道代谢物的变化有关，而HF-0.37和HF-0.13日粮纤维组对断奶仔猪的肠道完整性影响有限。创新性：本研究通过综合微生物组学、转录组学和代谢组学分析，创新性地探索了不同比例的可溶性和不可溶性膳食纤维对断奶仔猪肠道完整性的影响。

Abstract

Different types of dietary fiber (DF) play important roles in enhancing intestinal health and overall performance in animals. This study investigated the effects of high-DF diets containing different ratios of soluble to insoluble dietary fiber (SDF:IDF) on growth performance, intestinal barrier integrity, microbiota, and metabolite profiles in weaned piglets. The four dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet (CON) and three high-DF diets with SDF:IDF ratios of 0.37, 0.25, and 0.13 (designated HF-0.37, HF-0.25, and HF-0.13, respectively). On days 14 and 28, colonic tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 concentrations were higher in the HF-0.37 group than in the CON, HF-0.25, and HF-0.13 groups (P<0.05). Plasma D-lactate and endotoxin levels were lower in the HF-0.25 group compared to the CON group at both time points (P<0.05). Furthermore, colonic zonula occludens 1 expression was upregulated in the HF-0.25 and HF-0.13 groups compared to the CON and HF-0.37 groups on day 14 (P<0.05). At the transcriptional level, all three high-DF diets modulated signaling pathways associated with inflammation and immune responses in the colon. Notably, DF supplementation particularly the HF-0.25 diet upregulated colonic levels of 3-indole butyric acid, nicotinic acid, and 3-methylthiopropylamine on d 14 and reduced certain peptide levels by d 28. These findings indicate that DF supplementation, especially at an SDF:IDF ratio of 0.25, exerts beneficial effects on intestinal integrity in weaned piglets, potentially mediated by alterations in colonic metabolite profiles, whereas HF-0.37 and HF-0.13 exhibited limited impacts on intestinal barrier function.

Keywords: weaned piglets soluble fiber insoluble fiber multi-omics intestinal integrity

Received: 08 January 2025 Accepted: 10 April 2025 Online: 16 May 2025

Fund:

This work was financially supported by the Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Projects, China (4322400156) and the Sichuan Science and Technology Program of China (2022YFH0064).

About author: #Correspondence Zhihong Sun, E-mail: sunzh2002cn@aliyun.com * These authors contributed equally to this study.

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Yetong Xu, Chengyu Zhou, Yingying Lu, Xutong Guo, Minyue Zong, Junwei Zhu, Pan Zhou, Jiaman Pang, Xie Peng, Zhihong Sun. 2026. Multi-omic analysis for dietary supplementation of different ratios of soluble and insoluble fiber on intestinal microbiota, metabolites and inflammation of weaned piglets. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 25(4): 1606-1618.

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