|
|
|
|
|
| Low Root Zone Temperature Exacerbates the Ion Imbalance and Photosynthesis Inhibition and Induces Antioxidant Responses in Tomato Plants Under Salinity |
| HE Yong, YANG Jing, ZHU Biao , ZHU Zhu-jun |
| Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province/College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, P.R.China |
|
|
|
摘要 The combined effects of salinity with low root zone temperature (RZT) on plant growth and photosynthesis were studied in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. The plants were exposed to two different root zone temperatures (28/20°C, 12/8°C, day/night temperature) in combination with two NaCl levels (0 and 100 mmol L-1). After 2 wk of treatment, K+ and Na+ concentration, leaf photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf antioxidant enzyme activities were measured. Salinity significantly decreased plant biomass, net photosynthesis rate, actual quantum yield of photosynthesis and concentration of K+, but remarkably increased the concentration of Na+. These effects were more pronounced when the salinity treatments were combined with the treatment of low RZT conditions. Either salinity or low RZT individually did not affect maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), while a combination of these two stresses decreased Fv/Fm considerably, indicating that the photo-damage occurred under such conditions. Non-photochemical quenching was increased by salt stress in accompany with the enhancement of the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle, in contrast, this was not the case with low RZT applied individually. Salinity stress individually increased the activities of SOD, APX, GPOD and GR, and decreased the activities of DHAR. Due to the interactive effects of salinity with low RZT, these five enzyme activities increased sharply in the combined stressed plants. These results indicate that low RZT exacerbates the ion imbalance, PSII damage and photosynthesis inhibition in tomato plants under salinity. In response to the oxidative stress under salinity in combination with low RZT, the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, APX, GPOD, DHAR and GR were clearly enhanced in tomato plants.
Abstract The combined effects of salinity with low root zone temperature (RZT) on plant growth and photosynthesis were studied in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. The plants were exposed to two different root zone temperatures (28/20°C, 12/8°C, day/night temperature) in combination with two NaCl levels (0 and 100 mmol L-1). After 2 wk of treatment, K+ and Na+ concentration, leaf photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf antioxidant enzyme activities were measured. Salinity significantly decreased plant biomass, net photosynthesis rate, actual quantum yield of photosynthesis and concentration of K+, but remarkably increased the concentration of Na+. These effects were more pronounced when the salinity treatments were combined with the treatment of low RZT conditions. Either salinity or low RZT individually did not affect maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), while a combination of these two stresses decreased Fv/Fm considerably, indicating that the photo-damage occurred under such conditions. Non-photochemical quenching was increased by salt stress in accompany with the enhancement of the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle, in contrast, this was not the case with low RZT applied individually. Salinity stress individually increased the activities of SOD, APX, GPOD and GR, and decreased the activities of DHAR. Due to the interactive effects of salinity with low RZT, these five enzyme activities increased sharply in the combined stressed plants. These results indicate that low RZT exacerbates the ion imbalance, PSII damage and photosynthesis inhibition in tomato plants under salinity. In response to the oxidative stress under salinity in combination with low RZT, the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, APX, GPOD, DHAR and GR were clearly enhanced in tomato plants.
|
|
Received: 28 October 2012
Accepted:
|
| Fund: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31101585), the Cucurbit Vegetable Innovation Strategic Alliance Fund of Zhejiang Province, China (20101107), the Vegetable Innovation Group Fund of Zhejiang Province, China (2009R50026) and the Zhejiang A&F University Science Development Fund, China (2009FR059). |
|
Corresponding Authors:
ZHU Zhu-jun, Tel: +86-571-63743001, Fax: +86-571-63741276, E-mail: zhuzj@zafu.
edu.cn
E-mail: zhuzj@zafu.edu.cn
|
| About author: HE Yong, Tel: +86-571-63742133, E-mail: heyong@zafu.edu.cn |
Cite this article:
HE Yong, YANG Jing, ZHU Biao , ZHU Zhu-jun.
2014.
Low Root Zone Temperature Exacerbates the Ion Imbalance and Photosynthesis Inhibition and Induces Antioxidant Responses in Tomato Plants Under Salinity. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13(1): 89-99.
|
| Ahn S J, Im Y J, Chung G C, Cho B H, Suh S R. 1999. Physiological responses of grafted-cucumber leaves and rootstock roots affected by low root temperature. Scientia Horticulturae, 81, 397-408 Bradford M M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72, 248-254 Calatayud A, Barreno E. 2004. Response to ozone in two lettuce varieties on chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments and lipid peroxidation. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 42, 549-555 Cakmak I, Marschner H. 1992. Magnesium deficiency and high light intensity enhance activities of superoxide dismutase, ascrobate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in bean leaves. Plant Physiology, 98, 1222- 1227. Cha-um S, Kirdmanee C. 2009. Proline accumulation, photosynthetic abilities and growth characters of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) plantlets in response to iso-osmotic salt and water deficit stress. Agricultural Sciences in China, 8, 51-58 Chaves M M, Flexas J, Pinheiro C. 2009. Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Annals of Botany, 103, 551- 560. Demmig-Adams B, Adams W W. 2006. Photoprotection in an ecological context: the remarkable complexity of thermal energy dissipation. New Phytologist, 172, 11-21 Egley G H, Paul R N, Vaughn K C, Duke S O. 1983. Role of peroxidase in the development of water impermeable seed coats in Sida spinosa L. Planta, 157, 224-232 Farquhar G D, Sharkey T D. 1982. Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 33, 317-345 Flexas J, Medrano H. 2002. Drought-inhibition of photosynthesis in C3 plants: stomatal and non-stomatal limitations revisited. Annals of Botany, 89, 183-189 Foyer C H, Halliwell B. 1976. The presence of glutathione and glutathione reductase in chloroplasts. A proposal role in ascorbic acid metabolism. Planta, 133, 21-25 Genty B, Briatais J M, Baker N R. 1989. The relationships between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. Biochem Biophys Acta, 990, 87-92 Kachout S S, Ben Mansoura A, Hamza K J, Leclerc J C, Rejeb M N, Ouerghi Z. 2011. Leaf-water relations and ion concentrations of the halophyte Atriplex hortensis in response to salinity and water stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 33, 335-342 Li D, Wu Z, Liang C, Chen L. 2004. Characterics and regulation of greenhouse soil environment. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 23, 192-197 (in Chinese) Li S, Wang Q, Sun Z. 2007. Study on the temperature of wide-span plastic covered tunnel greenhouse. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research, 8, 106-108. (in Chinese) Malcolm P, Holford P, McGlasson B, Barchia I. 2008. Leaf development, net assimilation and leaf nitrogen concentrations of five Prunus rootstocks in response to root temperature. Scientia Horticulturae, 115, 285-291 Maribel L Dionisio-Sese, Satoshi T. 1998. Antioxidant responses of rice seedlings to salinity stress. Plant Science, 135, 1-9 Maxwell K, Johnson G N. 2000. Chlorophyll fluorescence - A practical guide. Journal of Experimental Botany, 51, 659-668 Mehta P, Jajoo A, Mathur S, Bharti S. 2010. Chlorophyll a fluorescence study revealing effects of high salt stress on photosystem II in wheat leaves. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 48, 16-20 Melgar J, Syvertsen J P, Garcia-Sanchez F. 2008. Can elevated CO2 improve salt tolerance in olive trees? Journal of Plant Physiology, 165, 631-640 Mittler R. 2002. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Science, 7, 405-410 Mittler R. 2006. Abiotic stress, the field environment and stress combination. Trends in Plant Science, 11, 15-19 Munns R, Tester M. 2008. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59, 651-681 Nakano Y, Asada, K. 1981. Hydrogen peroxide scanvenged by ascorbated specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplast. Plant Cell Physiology, 22, 867-880 Netondo G W, Onyango J C, Beck E. 2004. Sorghum and salinity: II. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of sorghum under salt stress. Crop Science, 44, 806-811 Noctor G, Foyer C H, 1998. Ascorbate and glutathione: Keeping active oxygen under control. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 49, 249- 279. Rabhi M, Barhoumi Z, Ksouri R, Abdelly C, Gharsalli M. 2007. Interactive effects of salinity and iron deficiency in Medicago ciliaris. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 330, 779-788 Rao K V M, Sresty T V S. 2000. Antioxidant parameters in the seedlings of pigonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh) in response to Zn and Ni stresses. Plant Science, 157, 113-128 Remorini D, Melgar J C, Guidi L, Degl’lnnocenti E, Castelli S, Traversi M L, Massai R, Tattini M. 2009. Interaction effects of root-zone salinity and solar irradiance on the physiology and biochemistry of Olea europaea. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 65, 210-219 Ryyppo A, Iivonen S, Rikala R, Sutinen M L, Vapaavuori E. 1998. Responses of Scots pine seedlings to low root zone temperature in spring. Physiologia Plantarum, 102, 503-512 Schmutz U, Ludders P. 1998. Effect of NaCl salinity and different root zone temperatures on growth and mineral composition of two mango rootstocks (Mangifera indica L.). Journal of Applied Botany-Angewandte Botanik, 72, 131-135 Stroch M, Vrabl D, Podolinska J, Kalina J, Urban O, Spunda V. 2009. Acclimation of Norway spruce photosynthetic apparatus to the combined effect of high irradiance and temperature. Journal of Plant Physiology, 167, 597-605 Wang W X, Vinocur B, Altman A. 2003. Plant responses to drought, salinity and extreme temperatures: towards genetic engineering for stress tolerance. Planta, 218, 1-14 Wang L J, Huang W D, Li J Y, Liu Y F, Shi Y L. 2004. Peroxidation of membrane lipid and Ca2+ homeostasis in grape mesophyll cells during the process of cross- adaptation to temperature stresses. Plant Science, 167, 71-77 Wu G, Zhang C, Chu L, Shao H. 2007. Responses of higher plants to abiotic stresses and agricultural sustainable development. Journal of Plant Interactions, 2, 135-147 Yeo A R, Flowers T J. 1986. Salinity resistance in rice (Oryza Sativa L.) and a pyramiding approach to breeding varieties for saline soils. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 13, 161-173 Yu H Y, Li Y X, Zhou J M. 2006. Salt in typical greenhouse soil profiles and its potential environmental effects. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 43, 571-576 (in Chinese) Zhang Z H, Liu Q A, Song H X, Rong X M, Ismail A M. 2011. Responses of contrasting rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes to salt stress as affected by nutrient concentrations. Agricultural Sciences in China, 10, 195- 206. Zhen A, Bie Z L, Huang Y, Liu Z X, Fan M L. 2012. Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid on the H2O2-content and antioxidative enzyme gene expression in NaCl-treated cucumber seedlings. Biologia Plantarum, 56, 566-570 Zhou Y, Shao H. 2008. The responding relationship between plants and environment is the essential principle for agricultural sustainable development on the globe. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 331, 321-328 Zhu Z J, Wei G Q, Li J, Qian Q Q, Yu J Q. 2004. Silicon alleviates salt stress and increases antioxidant enzymes activity in leaves of salt-stressed cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Plant Science, 167, 527-533 |
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
