Alizadeh M R, Adamowski J, Nikoo M R, Aghakouchak A, Dennison P, Sadegh M. 2020. A century of observations reveals increasing likelihood of continental-scale compound dry-hot extremes. Science Advances, 6, 1–11.

Avenson T J, Cruz J A, Kanazawa A, Kramer D M. 2005. Regulating the proton budget of higher plant photosynthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102, 9709–9713.

Bukhov N G, Sabat S C, Mohanty P. 1990. Analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence changes in weak light in heat treated Amaranthus chloroplasts. Photosynthesis Research, 23, 81–87.

Ceglar A, Zampieri M, Toreti A, Dentener F. 2019. Observed northward migration of agro-climate zones in Europe will further accelerate under climate change. Earth’s Future, 7, 1088–1101.

Coast O, Posch B C, Bramley H, Gaju O, Richards R A, Lu M, Ruan Y L, Trethowan R, Atkin O K. 2020. Acclimation of leaf photosynthesis and respiration to warming in field-grown wheat. Plant Cell and Environment, 44, 66–76.

Craufurd P Q, Vadez V, Jagadish S K, Prasad P V, Zaman-Allah M. 2013. Crop science experiments designed to inform crop modeling. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 170, 8–18.

Dong X, Guan L, Zhang P H, Liu X L, Li S J, Fu Z J, Tang L, Qi Z Y, Qiu Z G, Jin C, Huang S B, Yang H. 2021. Responses of maize with different growth periods to heat stress around flowering and early grain filling. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 303, 108378.

Dusenge M E, Duarte A G, Way D A. 2019. Plant carbon metabolism and climate change: Elevated CO2 and temperature impacts on photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration. New Phytologist, 221, 32–49.

Eck M A, Murray A R, Ward A R, Konrad C E. 2020. Influence of growing season temperature and precipitation anomalies on crop yield in the southeastern United States. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 291, 108053.

Ferguson J N, Tidy A C, Murchie E H, Wilson Z A. 2021. The potential of resilient carbon dynamics for stabilizing crop reproductive development and productivity during heat stress. Plant Cell and Environment, 44, 1–24.

Gabaldón-Leal C, Webber H, Otegui M, Slafer G, Ordóñez R, Gaiser T, Lorite I, Ruiz-Ramos M, Ewert F. 2016. Modelling the impact of heat stress on maize yield formation. Field Crops Research, 198, 226–237.

Galmés J, Hermida-Carrera C, Laanisto L, Niinemets Ü. 2016. A compendium of temperature responses of Rubisco kinetic traits: Variability among and within photosynthetic groups and impacts on photosynthesis modeling. Journal of Experimental Botany, 67, 5067–5091.

Hafez E M, Omara A E O, Alhumaydhi F A, El-Esawi M A. 2020. Minimizing hazard impacts of soil salinity and water stress on wheat plants by soil application of vermicompost and biochar. Physiologia Plantarum, 172, 1–16.

Haldimann P, Feller U. 2004. Inhibition of photosynthesis by high temperature in oak (Quercus pubescens L.) leaves grown under natural conditions closely correlates with a reversible heat-dependent reduction of the activation state of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Plant Cell and Environment, 27, 1169–1183.

Herzog H, Chai-Arree W. 2012. Gas exchange of five warm-season grain legumes and their susceptibility to heat stress. Journal of Agronomy & Crop Science, 198, 466–474.

Hill J, Goodkind A, Tessum C, Thakrar S, Tilman D, Polasky S, Smith T, Hunt N, Mullins K, Clark M, Marshall J. 2019. Air-quality-related health damages of maize. Nature Sustainability, 2, 397–403.

IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2021. Climate change 2021: The physical science basis. Summary for policymakers. Working group I contribution to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.

Iversen C, Norby R. 2014. Terrestrial plant productivity and carbon allocation in a changing climate. In: Freedman B, ed., Global Environmental Change. Springer, Netherlands. pp. 297–316.

Jägermeyr J, Pastor A, Biemans H, Gerten D. 2017. Reconciling irrigated food production with environmental flows for sustainable development goals implementation. Nature Communications, 8, 15900.

Jin Z N, Zhuang Q L, Tan Z L, Dukes J, Zheng B Y, Melillo J M. 2016. Do maize models capture the impacts of heat and drought stresses on yield? Using algorithm ensembles to identify successful approaches. Global Change Biology, 22, 3112–3126.

Kanazawa A, Kramer D M. 2002. In vivo modulation of nonphotochemical exciton quenching (NPQ) by regulation of the chloroplast ATP synthase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99, 12789–12789.

Kanazawa A, Ostendorf E, Kohzuma K, Hoh D, Strand D D, Sato-Cruz M, Savage L, Cruz J A, Fisher N, Froehlich J E, Kramer D M. 2017. Chloroplast ATP synthase modulation of the thylakoid proton motive force: Implications for photosystem I and photosystem II photoprotection. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 719.

Kimm H, Guan K, Burroughs C H, Peng B, Ainsworth E A, Bernacchi C J, Moore C E, Kumagai E, Yang X, Berry J A, Wu G H. 2021. Quantifying high-temperature stress on soybean canopy photosynthesis: The unique role of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence. Global Change Biology, 27, 2403–2415.

Kramer D M, Johnson G, Kiirats O, Edwards G E. 2004. New fluorescence parameters for the determination of QA redox state and excitation energy fluxes. Photosynthesis Research, 79, 209–218.

Kuhlgert S, Greg Austic G, Zegarac R, Osei-Bonsu I, Hoh D, Chilvers M I, Roth M G, Bi1 K, TerAvest D, Weebadde P, Kramer D M. 2016. MultispeQ Beta: A tool for large-scale plant phenotyping connected to the open PhotosynQ network. Royal Society Open Science, 3, 160592.

Li M, Svoboda V, Davis G, Kramer D, Kunz H H, Kirchhoff H. 2021. Impact of ion fluxes across thylakoid membranes on photosynthetic electron transport and Photoprotection. Nature Plants, 7, 1–10.

Li Y, Guan K Y, Peng B, Franz T E, Wardlow B, Pan M. 2020. Quantifying irrigation cooling benefits to maize yield in the US Midwest. Global Change Biology, 26, 3065–3078.

Lobell D B, Roberts M J, Schlenker W, Braun N, Little B B, Rejesus R M, Hammer G L. 2014. Greater sensitivity to drought accompanies maize yield increase in the US Midwest. Science, 344, 516–519.

Luan X Y, Giulia V. 2021. Canopy temperature and heat stress are increased by compound high air temperature and water stress and reduced by irrigation - A modeling analysis. Hydrol. Earth System Science Data, 25, 1411–1423.

Luan X Y, Riccardo B, Anna S, Giulia V. 2021. Combined heat and drought suppress rainfed maize and soybean yields and modify irrigation benefits in the USA. Environmental Research Letters, 16, 2–18.

Michaletz S T, Weiser M D, McDowell N G, Zhou J, Kaspari M, Helliker B R, Enquist B J. 2016. The energetic and carbon economic origins of leaf thermoregulation. Nature Plants, 2, 16129.

Mishra R K, Singhal G S. 1992. Function of photosynthetic apparatus of intact wheat leaves under high light and heat-stress and its relationship with peroxidation of thylakoid lipids. Plant Physiology, 98, 1–6.

Miyashita K, Tanakamaru S, Maitani T, Kimura K. 2005. Recovery responses of photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance in kidney bean following drought stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 53, 205–214.

Mott K A, Peak D. 2013. Testing a vapour-phase model of stomatal responses to humidity. Plant Cell and Environment, 36, 936–944.

Munekage Y, Shikanai T. 2005. Cyclic electron transport through photosystem I. Plant Biotechnology, 22, 361–369.

Ordóñez R A, Savin R, Cossani C M, Slafer G A. 2015. Yield response to heat stress as affected by nitrogen availability in maize. Field Crops Research, 183, 184–203.

Osei-Bonsu I, McClain A M, Walker B J, Sharkey T D, Kramer D M. 2021. The roles of photorespiration and alternative electron acceptors in the responses of photosynthesis to elevated temperatures in cowpea. Plant Cell and Environment, 44, 1–18.

Perdomo J A, Capó-Bauçà S, Carmo-Silva E, Galmés J. 2017. Rubisco and Rubisco activase play an important role in the biochemical limitations of photosynthesis in rice, wheat, and maize under high temperature and water deficit. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 490.

Sailaja B, Subrahmanyam D, Neelamraju S, Vishnukiran T, Rao Y V, Vijayalakshmi P, Voleti S R, Bhadana V P, Mangrauthia S K. 2015. Integrated physiological, biochemical, and molecular analysis identifies important traits and mechanisms associated with differential response of rice genotypes to elevated temperature. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6, 1044.

Savchenko G E, Klyuchareva E A, Abrabchik L M, Serdyuchenko E V. 2002. Effect of periodic heat shock on the membrane system of etioplasts. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 49, 349−359.

Schermelleh-Engel K, Moosbrugger H, Müller H H. 2003. Evaluating the fit of structural equation models tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research, 8, 23–74.

Sehgal A, Sita K, Bhandari K, Kumar S, Kumar J, Prasad P V V, Siddique K H M, Nayyar H. 2018. Influence of drought and heat stress, applied independently or in combination during seed development, on qualitative and quantitative aspects of seeds of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) genotypes, differing in drought sensitivity. Plant Cell and Environment, 42, 198–211.

Sharma D K, Andersen S B, Ottosen C O, Rosenqvist E. 2015. Wheat cultivars selected for high Fv/Fm under heat stress maintain high photosynthesis, total chlorophyll, stomatal conductance, transpiration and dry matter. Physiologia Plantarum, 153, 284–298.

Siebert S, Ewert F, Rezaei E E, Kage H, Grass R. 2014. Impact of heat stress on crop yield-on the importance of considering canopy temperature. Environmental Research Letters, 9, 044012.

Slot M, Winter K. 2017. In situ temperature relationships of biochemical and stomatal controls of photosynthesis in four lowland tropical tree species. Plant Cell and Environment, 40, 3055–3068.

Song H, Li Y B, Zhou L, Xu Z Z, Zhou G S. 2018. Maize leaf functional responses to drought episode and rewatering. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 249, 57–70.

Stella T, Webber H, Olesen J, Ruane A C, Fronzek S, Bregaglio S, Mamidanna S, Bindi M, Collins B, Faye S, Ferrise R, Fodo N, Gabaldón-Leal C, Jabloun M, Kersebaum C, Lizaso J, Lorite I J, Manceau L, Martre P, Nendel C, et al. 2021. Methodology to assess the changing risk of yield failure due to heat and drought stress under climate change. Environmental Research Letters, 16, 104033.

Teuling A J. 2018. A hot future for European droughts. Nature Climate Change, 8, 364–365.

Wang W L, Cai C, He J, Gu J F, Zhu G L, Zhang W Y, Zhu J G, Liu G. 2019. Yield, dry matter distribution and photosynthetic characteristics of rice under elevated CO2 and increased temperature conditions. Field Crops Research, 248, 107605.

Wang X L, Yan Y, Xu C C, Wang X Y, Luo N, Wei D, Meng Q F, Wang P. 2021. Mitigating heat impacts in maize (Zea mays L.) during the reproductive stage through biochar soil amendment. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 311, 107321.

Wang X Y, Wang X L, Xu C C, Tan W M, Wang P, Meng Q F. 2019. Decreased kernel moisture in medium-maturing maize hybrids with high yield for mechanized grain harvest. Crop Science, 59, 1–12.

Wright I J, Reich P B, Cornelissen J H C, Falster D S, Groom P K, Hikosaka K, Lee W, Lusk C H, Niinemets Ü, Oleksyn J, Osada N, Poorter H, Warton D I, Westoby M. 2005. Modulation of leaf economic traits and trait relationships by climate. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 14, 411–421.

Yang Y H, Zhang Q Q, Huang G J, Peng S B, Li Y. 2020. Temperature responses of photosynthesis and leaf hydraulic conductance in rice and wheat. Plant Cell and Environment, 43, 1437–1451.