土壤管理措施对小麦产量影响的全球Meta分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.12.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Addressing the challenge of global food security posed by a growing population necessitates enhancements in both wheat yield and yield stability. However, soil management practices, such as conservation tillage and plastic film mulching, show significant potential for yield gain, and their effects are highly variable due to the influence of climate, soil properties, and agricultural management practices. Therefore, this study employe quantified the effects of different soil management practices on wheat yield and its stability by using global meta-analysis, and the key influencing factors were identified, aiming to provide a scientific basis for strategies to enhance global wheat productivity.【Method】Based on 1 755 paired observations from 280 published studies, a global meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the effects of four soil management practices (reduced/no-tillage, plastic film mulching, straw mulching, and straw incorporation) on wheat yield under varying climatic factors, soil properties, and agricultural management practices. Yield stability was systematically evaluated, the relative importance of key drivers (namely, climatic factors, soil properties, and agricultural management practices) were determined by using variance decomposition analysis.【Result】A comprehensive analysis demonstrated that plastic film mulching achieved optimal integrated outcomes with significant yield enhancement (31.0%) and improved stability (21.0%), being particularly suitable for environments characterized by moderate mean annual temperatures (15.1-20.0 ℃), drought conditions (precipitation <200 mm in growing season), clay texture, high soil bulk density (>1.5 g·cm^-3), high soil fertility (soil organic matter >20 g·kg^-1, and available phosphorus >30 mg·kg^-1), and high planting density (seeding rate >150 kg·hm^-2). Straw incorporation increased yield by 6.1% without significant stability effects and adapted better to drought conditions (precipitation ≤400 mm in growing season), medium-low soil bulk density (≤1.5 g·cm^-3), and appropriate nitrogen application rates (100-150 kg N·hm^-2). Although straw mulching provided limited yield increase (4.1%), it substantially improved yield stability (28.7%) and performed the best effect under moderate temperatures, drought conditions, sandy/loam soils, high bulk density, and suitable straw input (5-8 t·hm^-2). Reduced/no-tillage showed no general yield enhancement, while it significantly improved yield stability (23.1%), with yield benefits becoming significant only under specific conditions, including low temperatures, drought conditions, sandy/loam soils, low fertilizer input (N<100 kg·hm^-2, K₂O<50 kg·hm^-2), and low seeding rates (≤150 kg·hm^-2). Random forest analysis revealed distinct dominant drivers for each practice: the yield effect of reduced/no-tillage was primarily driven by phosphorus application rate, growing season precipitation, and mean annual temperature; straw mulching by growing season precipitation, seeding rate, and mean annual temperature; plastic film mulching by growing season precipitation, soil organic matter, and mean annual temperature; and straw incorporation by straw input, mean annual temperature, and soil organic matter.【Conclusion】Plastic film mulching, straw incorporation, and straw mulching were effective practices for enhancing wheat yield, with plastic film mulching showing the most significant effect. As their effectiveness depended substantially on climatic factors, soil properties, and agronomic practices, region-specific practices should be selected based on local climate-soil conditions, combined with optimized agronomic strategies, to maximize yield potential.

Key words: wheat yield, yield stability, plastic film mulching, straw mulching, straw incorporation, reduced/no-tillage

ZHANG Ye, WANG WenNing, ZHU LiangPing, CHEN YuHan, HAN Yan, ZHANG RunZe, HU ChangLu, YANG XueYun, ZHANG ShuLan. Global Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Soil Management Practices on Wheat Yield[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(12): 2656-2670.

Figures/Tables 9

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	ZHANG S Y, WANG H Z, YANG M D, WANG J L, HE D X. Influence of returning corn stalks to field under different soil moisture contents on root growth and water use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(13): 2484-2496. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.13.004. (in Chinese)
[58]	WANG J K, SUN C X, ZHANG Y L, XIAO J Y, MA Y P, JIANG J L, JIANG Z D, ZHANG L L. Straw return rearranges soil pore structure improving soil moisture memory in a maize field experiment under rainfed conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 2024, 306: 109164. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109164
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	HAN Z X, FANG J J, WU X P, JIANG Y, SONG X J, LIU X T. Synergistic effects of organic carbon and nitrogen content in water-stable aggregates as well as microbial biomass on crop yield under long-term straw combined chemical fertilizers application. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(8): 1503-1514. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.08.007. (in Chinese)
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区域 Region	国家数量 Number of countries	纬度范围 Latitudinal range	经度范围 Longitude range	组数 Number of comparisons
亚洲 Asia	10	22.99°N—43.82°N	34.70°E—140.10°E	2708
非洲 Africa	6	33.28°S—36.60°N	7.59°W—38.48°E	286
欧洲 Europe	7	22.17°N—51.30°N	4.52°W—73.54°E	178
北美洲 North America	3	20.52°N—55.72°N	119.38°W—84.50°W	314
南美洲 South America	2	36.62°S—33.67°S	72.40°W—57.95°W	22
大洋洲 Oceania	2	43.53°S—31.48°S	118.20°E—172.06°E	46

影响因素 Affecting factors		亚组 Subgroup
气候因素 Climatic factor	年平均气温 Mean annual temperature, MAT (℃)	<10 （很低 Very low）	10—15 （低 Low）	15.1—20 （中 Medium）	>20 （高 High）
气候因素 Climatic factor	生育期降雨量 Growing season precipitation, GSP (mm)	<200 （低 Low）	200—400 （中 Medium）	>400 （高 High）
土壤性质 Soil property	土壤质地 Soil texture	砂土 Sandy	壤土 Loam	黏土 Clay
	容重 Bulk density, BD (g·cm^-3)	<1.3（低 Low）	1.3—1.5（中 Medium）	>1.5（高 High）
	有机质 Soil organic matter, SOM (g·kg^-1)	<15（低 Low）	15—20（中 Medium）	>20（高 High）
	速效磷 Soil available phosphorus, AP (mg·kg^-1)	<15（低 Low）	15—30（中 Medium）	>30（高 High）
农业管理措施Agricultural management practice	施氮量 N rate (kg N·hm^-2)	<100（低 Low）	100—150（中 Medium）	>150（高 High）
	施磷量 P rate (kg P₂O₅·hm^-2)	<100（低 Low）	100—150（中 Medium）	>150（高 High）
	施钾量 K rate (kg K₂O·hm^-2)	<50（低 Low）	50—100（中 Medium）	>100（高 High）
	播种量 Seeding rate, SR (kg·hm^-2)	≤150（低 Low）	>150（高 High）
	秸秆投入量 Straw rate (t·hm^-2)	<5（低 Low）	5—8（中 Medium）	>8（高 High）
	灌溉 Irrigation	是 Yes	否 No

Global Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Soil Management Practices on Wheat Yield

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