江西省水田土壤pH变化的时空差异特征及驱动因素

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.12.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Taking paddy fields in Jiangxi Province as an example, this study aimed to clarify the characteristics of acidity changes in paddy fields from 2010s (2007-2014) to 2023, to quantitatively analyze the drivers and relative contributions of soil acidification in Jiangxi Province, and to explore the reasons for the changes in the contribution rate of each driver over time, so as to provide the theoretical basis for the improvement of arable land acidification and the enhancement of crop yields in Jiangxi Province. 【Method】Based on the public data of China Statistical Yearbook, Jiangxi Provincial Statistical Yearbook, Jiangxi Provincial Ecological Environment Statistical Bulletin, Jiangxi Provincial Cultivated Land Quality Long-term Positioning and Monitoring Report from 2010s to 2023, and related literature, the characteristics of the change of pH in paddy fields from 2010s to 2023 were clarified, the amount of nitrogen cycling, crop harvesting, and H⁺ production from acid deposition were calculated, respectively, and the contribution rate of three driver factors to the change of soil acidity was quantified. 【Result】The pH of paddy fields increased from 5.20 to 5.37 from 2010s to 2023, with an increase of 0.17 units; the proportion of strongly acidic soil (pH<4.5) decreased from 0.02% to 0.00; the proportion of paddy fields with acidic soil (pH 4.5-5.5) decreased from 84.4% to 70.7%; the proportion of weakly acidic soil (pH 5.5-6.5) increased from 14.9% to 26.7%; neutral and alkaline soil (pH>6.5) increased from 0.7% to 2.6%; about 26.8% of the paddy fields were acidified (∆pH<0), The area of paddy fields with pH changes ranging from -0.50 to 0.00 accounted for approximately 25.0%, while the area of paddy fields with pH changes less than -0.5 accounted for approximately 1.8%; and about 73.2% of the paddy fields had stable or increasing pH (∆pH≥0). Soil acidity changes in paddy fields in Jiangxi Province were mainly driven by anthropogenic activities, with an average contribution of 72.3% from nitrogen cycling processes, including ammonium nitrogen nitrification, nitrate nitrogen leaching, and plant uptake of ammonium nitrogen releasing H⁺; crop harvesting took away saline ions with an average contribution of 27.7%, and acid deposition had a weak effect (0.04% on average). H⁺ production from the nitrogen cycle showed an overall decreasing trend from 21.93 kmol·hm^-2·a^-1 to 13.93 kmol·hm^-2·a^-1; H⁺production from salt-based ions floated less, fluctuating between 6.02 kmol·hm^-2·a^-1 to 7.60 kmol·hm^-2·a^-1; the amount of H⁺ produced by acid deposition decreased slowly, from 0.04 kmol·hm^-2·a^-1 to 0.00 kmol·hm^-2·a^-1. Reducing the amount of H⁺produced by the nitrogen cycle process was a key factor in curbing soil acidification. 【Conclusion】The area of paddy fields with pH increase between 2010s and 2023 accounted for 73.2%, indicating that the soil acidification problem in Jiangxi Province has been alleviated. Nitrogen cycle was the main factor of acidity change in paddy fields, and the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer dosage was the main reason for the decrease of H⁺ production from nitrogen cycle, so optimizing fertilizer application technology and increasing organic fertilizer could effectively curb the acidification process, and improve the quality of arable land and crop yield.

Key words: soil pH, paddy field, spatio-temporal variation, driving factors, quantification, Jiangxi Province

ZHANG Yan, XU DaWei, FU PengHong, QIN ZhangJie, LAN Shuai, LIAO JianWu, HE QingGang, HE XiaoLin, LIANG Feng. Spatio-Temporal Variation Characteristics and Driving Factors of Paddy Soil pH Changes in Jiangxi Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(12): 2671-2685.

Figures/Tables 12

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	养分含量Nutrient content				草谷比 Grass-to-grain ratio
	P (%)	K (%)	Ca (%)	Mg (%)	草谷比 Grass-to-grain ratio
水稻籽粒 Rice grain	0.350	0.19	0.03	0.120	0.952
水稻秸秆 Rice straw	0.176	1.90	0.54	0.212	0.952
油菜籽粒 Rape seed	1.470	7.77	—	0.940	2.212
油菜秸秆 Rape straw	0.144	1.94	1.52	0.250	2.212

分级Classification	2010s (%)	2023 (%)
<4.5	0.0	0.0
4.5—5.0	27.0	6.5
5.0—5.5	57.4	64.2
5.5—6.0	12.1	21.7
6.0—6.5	2.8	5.0
6.5—7.0	0.5	2.4
7.0—7.5	0.2	0.2
>7.5	0.0	0.0
合计 Total	100.0	100.0

年份Year	施氮量 N rate (kg·hm^-2·a^-1)	氮沉降 N deposition (kg·hm^-2·a^-1)	NO₃^--N 淋洗 NO₃^--N leaching (%)		秸秆含氮量 Straw N content (%)		籽粒含氮量 Grain N content (%)		N₂O (%)		氨挥发 NH₃ volatilization (%)
年份Year	施氮量 N rate (kg·hm^-2·a^-1)	氮沉降 N deposition (kg·hm^-2·a^-1)	水稻 Rice	油菜 Rape	水稻 Rice	油菜 Rape	水稻 Rice	油菜 Rape	水稻 Rice	油菜 Rape	水稻 Rice	油菜 Rape
2010	275.51	39.18	3.03	—	1.20	0.87	1.21	8.67	0.72	—	17.08	—
2011	277.38	42.26	3.03	—	1.20	0.87	1.21	8.67	0.72	—	17.07	—
2012	267.78	41.89	3.00	—	1.20	0.87	1.21	8.67	0.71	—	17.11	—
2013	255.99	41.61	2.96	—	1.20	0.87	1.21	8.67	0.69	—	17.16	—
2014	253.75	38.72	2.96	—	1.20	0.87	1.21	8.67	0.69	—	17.17	—
2015	251.00	37.60	2.95	—	1.20	0.87	1.21	8.67	0.68	—	17.18	—
2016	244.75	37.32	2.94	—	1.20	0.87	1.21	8.67	0.67	—	17.21	—
2017	228.02	35.64	2.91	16.68	1.20	0.87	1.21	8.67	0.65	0.79	17.30	24.57
2018	206.47	35.83	2.90	15.04	1.20	0.87	1.21	8.67	0.63	0.77	17.44	24.63
2019	189.18	34.90	2.91	13.96	1.20	0.87	1.21	8.67	0.62	0.76	17.57	24.69
2020	177.76	33.40	2.93	13.34	1.20	0.87	1.21	8.67	0.62	0.76	17.67	24.73
2021	176.00	33.40	2.94	13.25	1.20	0.87	1.21	8.67	0.62	0.76	17.69	24.74
2022	163.63	33.40	2.98	12.69	1.20	0.87	1.21	8.67	0.61	0.76	17.82	24.79
2023	160.67	33.40	2.99	12.57	1.20	0.87	1.21	8.67	0.61	0.76	17.85	24.81

年份 Year	氮循环 N cycling process		盐基离子 BC uptake		磷吸收 P uptake
年份 Year	水稻Rice	油菜Rape	水稻Rice	油菜Rape	水稻Rice	油菜Rape
2010	21.92	—	6.02	—	-0.93	—
2011	22.08	—	6.32	—	-0.98	—
2012	21.31	—	6.38	——	-0.99	—
2013	20.36	—	6.45	—	-1.00	—
2014	20.17	—	6.52	—	-1.01	—
2015	19.94	—	6.52	—	-1.01	—
2016	19.44	—	6.52	—	-1.01	—
2017	18.09	15.87	6.52	8.32	-1.01	-0.80
2018	16.37	14.06	6.54	8.61	-1.02	-0.83
2019	14.98	12.69	6.58	8.59	-1.02	-0.82
2020	14.06	11.82	6.40	8.58	-0.99	-0.82
2021	13.92	11.68	6.52	8.75	-1.01	-0.84
2022	12.94	10.76	6.43	9.07	-1.00	-0.87
2023	12.70	10.54	6.58	8.76	-1.02	-0.84

年份 Year	H⁺产量H⁺ production (kmol·hm^-2·a^-1)				贡献率Contribution rate (%)			H⁺产量H⁺ production (kmol·hm^-2·a^-1)
年份 Year	氮循环 N cycling process	盐基离子 BC uptake	酸沉降 Acid deposition	总H⁺产量 Total H⁺	氮循环 N cycling process	盐基离子 BC uptake	酸沉降 Acid deposition	磷吸收 P uptake	净H⁺产量 H⁺net
2010	21.92	6.02	0.04	27.98	78.3	21.5	0.1	-0.93	27.04
2011	22.08	6.32	0.01	28.41	77.7	22.2	0.0	-0.98	27.43
2012	21.31	6.38	0.03	27.72	76.9	23.0	0.1	-0.99	26.73
2013	20.36	6.45	0.05	26.86	75.8	24.0	0.2	-1.00	25.86
2014	20.17	6.52	0.01	26.69	75.6	24.4	0.0	-1.01	25.68
2015	19.94	6.52	0.01	26.47	75.3	24.6	0.0	-1.01	25.45
2016	19.44	6.52	0.00	25.97	74.9	25.1	0.0	-1.01	24.95
2017	19.56	7.29	0.00	26.85	72.8	27.2	0.0	-1.09	25.76
2018	17.69	7.35	0.00	25.04	70.6	29.4	0.0	-1.09	23.94
2019	16.20	7.40	0.00	23.61	68.6	31.4	0.0	-1.10	22.51
2020	15.15	7.20	0.00	22.35	67.8	32.2	0.0	-1.07	21.28
2021	15.07	7.38	0.00	22.45	67.1	32.9	0.0	-1.10	21.36
2022	14.04	7.36	0.00	21.41	65.6	34.4	0.0	-1.09	20.32
2023	13.93	7.60	0.00	21.53	64.7	35.3	0.0	-1.12	20.41

Spatio-Temporal Variation Characteristics and Driving Factors of Paddy Soil pH Changes in Jiangxi Province

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