蚕豆多时期耐盐性综合评价与衣康酸缓解萌发期盐胁迫研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.06.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Salt stress limits the stable and increased yields of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) on saline-alkali soils. This study aims to improve the efficiency and accuracy of distinguishing salt tolerance differences among various materials at early stages by combining indoor germination assays with field observations. Additionally, it evaluates the potential of exogenous itaconic acid (IA) at different doses and acidic treatments to alleviate salt stress during the germination stage, providing complementary pathways for early prediction and exogenous regulation. 【Method】 Fifteen faba bean germplasm materials were selected for germination tests under 100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl conditions. Various indices, including relative germination rate (RGR), relative germination energy (RGE), relative root length (RRL), vigor index (VI), germination index (GI), and germination stress index (GSI), were measured. Comprehensive evaluation and classification were performed using the comprehensive membership value μ(X_i). Field trials were conducted on both saline-alkali and non-saline-alkali soils, tracking seedling emergence rate, Soil and Plant Analyzer Development (SPAD) values at the bud stage, flowering-stage salt injury index (SI), and 17 agronomic traits to form a field classification of salt tolerance. Stratified 5-fold cross-validation was employed to assess the performance of field-grade determination, using F1 metrics. For the IA treatment, three representative germplasms were selected, and a gradient of 0% to 1% IA was applied under 100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl. Acetic acid (CH₃COOH) and pH7.0 treatments served as controls to analyze the alleviating effects of IA on salt stress. 【Result】Significant differences were observed in all indices among the different classifications at the germination stage, showing strong discriminatory power across materials, with comprehensive scores showing a continuous gradient from salt-sensitive to salt-tolerant materials, allowing for classification. Field observations indicated that seedling emergence rates and SPAD values decreased in most materials under saline-alkali conditions, although some materials still performed well. Overall, germination-stage classification correlated well with field classification, with approximately 73% of materials showing consistency across both stages, suggesting that germination assessments are indicative of actual field salt tolerance. A supervised model built on key germination-stage traits (VI, RGE, RGR, and GSI) showed a moderate ability to predict field classification, achieving F1=0.50, Precision=0.46, and Recall=0.60 under stratified 5-fold cross-validation, providing quantitative support for early-stage screening of salt-tolerant germplasm. Low doses of IA (e.g., 0.01%) improved the germination vigor and root growth of the materials, but no similar effect was observed with equimolar acetic acid. When the external solution was adjusted to pH 7.0, the promoting effect of IA significantly weakened or disappeared, indicating that its alleviating effect is not only related to molecular structure but also closely associated with a weak acidic environment. Additionally, the effect exhibited variety-specific responses, with germplasm V434 showing higher responsiveness. 【Conclusion】 The combined evaluation of indoor germination assays and field observations effectively distinguishes salt tolerance differences among faba bean materials at early stages. Indices such as vigor index (VI), germination stress index (GSI), and relative germination rate (RGR) effectively reflect field-grade performance and improve initial screening efficiency. IA demonstrates a dose-dependent, pH-sensitive alleviating effect during germination; however, its stability and applicability need further validation under complex saline-alkali stress and field conditions.

Key words: faba bean, salt stress, salt tolerance screening, multi-indicator evaluation, itaconic acid

ZHANG ZhiLin, LIU Rong, ZONG XuXiao, HAO XiaoPeng, YANG Tao. Integrated Multi-Stage Evaluation of Salt Tolerance in Vicia faba L. and Itaconic Acid-Mediated Alleviation of Germination-Stage Salt Stress[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(6): 1172-1188.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Experimental group settings for itaconic acid treatment"

处理编号 Treatment ID	处理液配方说明 Treatment solution description	衣康酸浓度 Itaconic acid concentration (mmol·L^-1)	醋酸浓度 Acetic acid concentration (mmol·L^-1)	组别说明 Group description
CK	纯水 Distilled water	未添加 Not applied	未添加 Not applied	对照 Control
T1	100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl	未添加 Not applied	未添加 Not applied	盐胁迫 Salt stress
T2	100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl + 0.01%衣康酸 100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl + 0.01% itaconic acid	0.77	未添加 Not applied	低浓度衣康酸 Low-concentration itaconic acid
T3	100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl + 0.05%衣康酸 100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl + 0.05% itaconic acid	3.84	未添加 Not applied	中浓度衣康酸 Medium-concentration itaconic acid
T4	100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl + 0.1%衣康酸 100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl + 0.1% itaconic acid	7.68	未添加 Not applied	高浓度衣康酸 High-concentration itaconic acid
T5	100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl + 1%衣康酸 100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl + 1% itaconic acid	76.80	未添加 Not applied	超高浓度衣康酸 Ultra-high-concentration itaconic acid
T6	100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl + 0.01%醋酸 100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl + 0.01% acetic acid	未添加 Not applied	1.67	低浓度醋酸对照 Low-concentration acetic acid (control)
T7	100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl + 0.05%醋酸 100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl + 0.05% acetic acid	未添加 Not applied	8.33	中浓度醋酸对照 Medium-concentration acetic acid (control)
T8	100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl + 0.1%醋酸 100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl + 0.1% acetic acid	未添加 Not applied	16.70	高浓度醋酸对照 High-concentration acetic acid (control)
T9	100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl + 1%醋酸 100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl + 1% acetic acid	未添加 Not applied	167.00	超高浓度醋酸对照 Ultra-high-concentration acetic acid (control)
T10	T3 + NaHCO₃调节pH至7.0 T3 + NaHCO₃ adjusted to pH7.0	3.84	未添加 Not applied	pH中性验证（衣康酸） pH-neutralized itaconic acid (medium concentration)
T11	T5 + NaHCO₃调节pH至7.0 T5 + NaHCO₃ adjusted to pH 7.0	76.80	未添加 Not applied	pH中性验证（衣康酸） pH-neutralized itaconic acid (ultra-high concentration)
T12	T7 + NaHCO₃调节pH至7.0 T7 + NaHCO₃ adjusted to pH 7.0	未添加 Not applied	8.33	pH中性验证（醋酸） pH-neutralized acetic acid (medium concentration)
T13	T9 + NaHCO₃调节pH至7.0 T9 + NaHCO₃ adjusted to pH 7.0	未添加 Not applied	167.00	pH中性验证（醋酸） pH-neutralized acetic acid (ultra-high concentration)

Table 4

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

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发芽率GR	第10天发芽种子数/供试种子数×100% Number of germinated seeds at 10 d/Total tested seeds×100%
相对发芽率RGR	处理发芽率/对照发芽率×100% Germination rate of treatment/Germination rate of control×100%
发芽势GE	第5天的发芽种子数/供试种子数×100% Number of germinated seeds at 5 d/Total tested seeds×100%
相对发芽势RGE	处理发芽势/对照发芽势×100% Germination energy of treatment/Germination energy of control×100%
相对根长RRL	处理根长/对照根长×100% Root length of treatment/Root length of control×100%
活力指数VI	相对根长×相对发芽率×100% Relative root length×Relative germination rate×100%
发芽指数GI	Σ(逐日发芽数/相应发芽天数)Σ(G_t/D_t)
萌发胁迫指数GSI	处理发芽指数/对照发芽指数×100%GI of treatment/GI of control×100%
隶属函数值U(X_ji)	U(X_ji)=(X_ji-X_j_min)/(X_j_max-X_j_min) X_i=ΣU(X_ij)/n

等级 Grade	综合隶属函数值μ(X_i) Comprehensive membership value μ(X_i)
高耐盐HT	μ(X_i)≥0.8
耐盐T	0.6≤μ(X_i)<0.8
中耐盐MT	0.4≤μ(X_i)<0.6
弱耐盐S	0.2≤μ(X_i)<0.4
不耐盐HS	μ(X_i)<0.2

田间分级Field rating	植株受害状况Plant damage symptoms
1	生长基本正常，没有出现盐害症状Normal growth, no salt damage symptoms
2	生长基本正常，但少数叶片出现青枯或卷缩Growth is basically normal, but a few leaves have withered or curled
3	大部分叶片出现青枯或卷缩，少部分植株死亡Majority of leaves show wilting/curling, with partial plant death
4	生长严重受阻，大部分植株死亡严重受害Severely stunted growth, significant plant death
5	几乎全部死亡或接近死亡Almost complete plant death or near death

Integrated Multi-Stage Evaluation of Salt Tolerance in Vicia faba L. and Itaconic Acid-Mediated Alleviation of Germination-Stage Salt Stress

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