Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (6): 1189-1202.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.06.004

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Photo-Physiological Mechanism at Grain Filling Stage of No-Tillage with Plastic Re-Mulching to Increase Maize Yield in Oasis Irrigation Areas

WANG JiaNuo(), CHEN GuiPing, LI Pan, WANG LiPing, NAN YunYou, HE Wei, FAN ZhiLong, HU FaLong, CHAI Qiang, YIN Wen(), ZHAO LiaoHao()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070
  • Received:2025-08-04 Accepted:2026-01-30 Online:2026-03-16 Published:2026-03-24
  • Contact: YIN Wen, ZHAO LiaoHao

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Abstract:

【Objective】Aiming at the problems of low photosynthetic performance and yield decline of maize leaves caused by large amount of plastic input and extreme high temperature in traditional maize planting in oasis irrigation area, the photosynthetic physiological mechanism of maize during grain filling period under two years of plastic mulching was studied, so as to provide the theoretical basis for the construction of high grain yield technology of plastic reduction in oasis irrigation area. 【Method】In 2013, a randomized block experiment was conducted in the oasis irrigation area of the Hexi Corridor. According to the duration of plastic mulching, three treatments were formed: no-tillage with plastic re-mulching and using (NTP), no-tillage in autumn and plastic mulching in spring (RTP), and conventional tillage with annual new plastic mulching (CTP, as the control). The response of chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters, key enzyme activities of photosynthetic physiology, relative gene expression and key protein content of maize leaves to different plastic utilization methods was explored. 【Result】Different plastic utilization methods promoted the increase and stability of maize yield by regulating the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of maize filling stage. Compared with CTP, chlorophyll a and b in NTP filling stage increased by 15.1% and 8.3% on average, respectively, indicating that NTP treatment was beneficial to maintain the chlorophyll content of maize, thus effectively delaying the degradation of chlorophyll and promoting the photosynthesis of maize. Compared with CTP treatment, the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate under NTP increased by 25.2% and 11.5%, 20.0% and 12.2%, respectively, in the middle and late stages of grain filling, indicating that NTP treatment was beneficial to regulate the gas exchange parameters of maize during grain filling stage and enhanced the photosynthesis of maize during grain filling stage. At the same time, NTP maintained higher photosynthetic physiological key enzyme activity, relative gene expression and key protein content during the filling stage, which provided a guarantee for the improvement of photosynthesis. Compared with CTP, the activities of PPDK, PEPC, and Rubisco in maize leaves treated with NTP increased by 18.9%, 20.0%, and 30.6% on average, respectively, the gene expression of pepc, ppdk, and rub in maize leaves increased by 22.1%, 75.8%, and 70.6%, respectively, and the protein content of D1 and D2 in photosynthetic reaction center increased by 12.6% and 13.2%, respectively. Compared with CTP treatment, the activities of PPDK, PEPC and Rubisco in maize leaves under RTP increased by 15.6%, 16.4%, and 19.2%, respectively. The expression levels of pepc, ppdk, and rub genes in maize leaves increased by 13.6%, 53.9%, and 57.7%, respectively. The content of D1 protein in photosynthetic reaction center increased by 10.1%. In addition, the grain yield of NTP was 5.2%, 6.0%, and 5.3% higher than that under CTP in 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively. The grain yield of RTP was only 5.2% higher than that under CTP in 2022. 【Conclusion】No-tillage with plastic re-mulching and using was an effective cultivation and management measure to maintain high photosynthetic performance, reduce plastic input, and increase maize yield in the northwest oasis irrigation areas.

Key words: no-tillage, plastic mulching, maize, photosynthetic physiology, photosynthetic key enzyme activity, relative gene expression, grain yield

Fig. 1

Precipitation and temperature variations in the study area from 2021 to 2023"

Fig. 2

The specific arrangement order of different plastic using methods"

Fig. 3

Responses of chlorophyll a, b content and chlorophyll a/b in maize leaves to different plastic using methods NTP: No-tillage with plastic re-mulching and using; RTP: No-tillage in autumn and new plastic mulching in spring; CTP: Conventional tillage with annual new plastic mulching. Different letters indicate that the difference between different treatments is significant at the 0.05 level (P<0.05). The same as below"

Table 1

Maize leaf photosynthesis and transpiration rates under different plastic using methods from 2021 to 2023"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (µmol·m-2·s-1) 蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (mmol·m-2·s-1)
灌浆前期
Early-filling stage		 灌浆中期
Mid-filling stage		 灌浆后期
Late-filling stage		 灌浆平均
Average-filling stage		 灌浆前期
Early-filling stage		 灌浆中期
Mid-filling stage		 灌浆后期
Late-filling stage		 灌浆平均
Average-filling stage
2021 NTP 51.44a 43.30a 32.58a 42.44a 6.22a 5.51a 4.77a 5.50a
RTP 51.39a 41.61a 28.18b 40.39a 6.12a 5.32a 4.23ab 5.22b
CTP 47.73b 33.43b 26.18b 35.78b 6.02a 4.62b 4.02b 4.89c
2022 NTP 44.76a 34.16a 25.60a 34.84a 5.78a 4.94a 4.07a 4.93a
RTP 43.38ab 32.87a 22.95b 33.07a 5.69ab 4.81a 3.76ab 4.75b
CTP 39.56b 27.22b 21.28b 29.35b 5.53b 4.43b 3.61b 4.52c
2023 NTP 48.55a 32.94a 24.64a 35.38a 5.58a 4.57a 3.53a 4.56a
RTP 45.48b 31.81b 23.10b 33.46b 5.48b 4.48b 3.45ab 4.47b
CTP 40.68c 27.32c 21.37c 29.79c 5.26c 4.41c 3.35b 4.34c

Fig. 4

Response of photosynthetic enzyme activity of maize leaves to different plastic using methods"

Fig. 5

The expression of photosynthetic enzyme genes in leaves of maize at the middle stage of grain filling under different plastic using methods in 2023"

Fig. 6

Effects of different plastic using methods on leaf protein content in middle filling stage of maize in 2023"

Fig. 7

Response of grain yield of maize to different plastic using methods"

Fig. 8

The correlation (A), principal component analysis (B) and comprehensive score (C) of each index under different plastic using methods Chla: Chlorophyll a; Chlb: Chlorophyll b; Chla/b: Chlorophyll a/b; Pn: Net photosynthetic rate; Tr: Transpiration rate; PPDK: Pyruvate phosphate dikinase; Rubisco: Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase; PEPC: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; ppdk: Relative expression of pyruvate phosphate dikinase gene; rub: Relative expression of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase gene; pepc: Relative expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene; D1: D1 protein content of light reaction center; D2: D2 protein content of light reaction center; GY: Grain yield"

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