34种越橘属植物叶片主要多酚组成及抗氧化能力评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.04.013

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The leaves of Vaccinium species are the main by-products in blueberry cultivation, which are rich in polyphenolic active compounds, but their resource values have not been fully developed and utilized. This study aimed to systematically investigate the accumulation patterns of polyphenolic components and their antioxidant activities in leaves at different developmental stages across 34 Vaccinium species, including wild resources and commercial cultivars. The objective was to identify germplasm with high nutritional value, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the high-value utilization of Vaccinium leaves and the development of functional products.【Method】Young (tender) leaves in spring, mature leaves and senescent leaves in winter from 34 Vaccinium species were used as experimental materials to detect the contents of total flavonoids, quercetin, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins. Antioxidant activities were comprehensively evaluated by three in vitro methods of hydroxyl radical (·OH) scavenging rates, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging rates, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to elucidate the relationships between polyphenolic components and antioxidant activities.【Result】Polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities in Vaccinium leaves were generally high and exhibited significant variations among species, cultivars, and leaf developmental stages. The average total flavonoid contents of young, mature, and senescent leaves were 189.92, 89.05 and 99.51 mg·g^-1 DW, respectively. Notably, young leaves of V. duclouxii (YNY316) exhibited an exceptionally high total flavonoid content of 561.43 mg·g^-1 DW. The average quercetin contents were 4.51, 12.56 and 8.95 mg·g^-1 DW, with mature leaves of V. mandarinorum (MFH4) showing the highest level (38.85 mg·g^-1 DW). The average anthocyanin contents were 0.83, 1.41 and 1.70 mg·g^-1 DW, while the average proanthocyanidin contents were 36.52, 38.45 and 44.42 mg·g^-1 DW. Antioxidant activity assessment revealed that senescent leaves showed the highest ·OH scavenging rate (65.14%) and FRAP value (1.23), whereas mature leaves exhibited the strongest ABTS radical scavenging capacity (33.66%). Correlation analysis indicated that quercetin contents in mature and senescent leaves were significantly positively correlated (P<0.01) with FRAP values and ABTS radical scavenging rates, indicating that quercetin is a major contributor to the antioxidant activity of Vaccinium leaves. Furthermore, wild resources such as V. duclouxii, V. trichophyllum, and V. mandarinorum, along with blueberry cultivars including ‘Eureka' ‘Beckyblue' and ‘Sringhigh', exhibited superior performance across multiple indices.【Conclusion】Wild Vaccinium germplasm and selected superior cultivars are rich in polyphenols, particularly flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, and exhibit remarkable antioxidant potential. The optimal developmental stages for leaf harvesting aimed at different functional components were clarified (e.g., young leaves for flavonoid extraction and mature leaves for quercetin extraction). These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the breeding of high-polyphenol blueberry cultivars and the high-value utilization of Vaccinium leaf resources.

Key words: Vaccinium spp., leaf, polyphenol, bioactive composition, antioxidant activity

LI SaiYa, XU YaPing, ZHENG JiaXing, ZHENG Yang, YU JiaHui, LI YongQiang, PU ShouCheng, YANG Li, GUO WeiDong. Bioactive Polyphenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activities in Leaves of 34 Vaccinium Species[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(4): 874-886.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1

Table 1

Total flavonoid, quercetin, anthocyanin, and proanthocyanidin contents in different developmental leaves of 34 Vaccinium species"

品种/种质 Cultivar/germplasm	代码 Sample code	总黄酮含量 Total flavonoid content (mg·g^-1 DW)			槲皮素含量 Quercetin content (mg·g^-1 DW)
品种/种质 Cultivar/germplasm	代码 Sample code	嫩叶 Young leaf	成熟叶 Mature leaf	老叶 Senescent leaf	嫩叶 Young leaf	成熟叶 Mature leaf	老叶 Senescent leaf
南高丛蓝莓，栽培品种Southern highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum), cultivar
蓝雨Bluerain	BLR	156.06±1.73	74.85±0.78	177.18±4.21	1.64±0.77	18.31±0.67	18.31±0.51
库珀Cooper	CPR	276.12±2.64	167.65±1.15	82.33±3.00	10.34±0.29	22.29±0.53	5.20±0.39
艾美瑞Emerald	EMD	121.46±3.60	35.80±0.78	52.11±1.01	6.15±0.29	21.56±0.90	1.54±0.78
佐治亚宝石Georgiagerm	GGM	69.20±1.73	109.95±3.46	80.99±2.84	5.10±0.88	4.47±0.25	7.82±0.53
珠宝Jewel	JUE	372.17±2.99	14.33±0.34	50.56±5.32	5.21±0.53	2.06±0.29	15.58±0.82
密斯提Misty	MST	118.63±0.99	125.84±1.60	143.49±2.33	2.80±0.78	0.91±0.29	10.24±0.97
奥尼尔O'Neal	ONL	198.44±6.23	73.72±5.42	51.83±2.16	7.20±0.78	22.50±0.53	10.34±0.78
夏普蓝Sharpblue	SHP	132.05±1.99	54.23±2.94	127.04±1.41	3.74±0.64	37.17±0.92	3.11±0.97
普林Springhigh	SPR	477.39±2.64	66.73±1.63	37.07±2.52	2.17±0.59	16.42±0.44	14.74±0.39
明星Star	STR	116.52±5.56	31.70±3.89	79.86±2.52	8.77±0.59	17.36±0.67	8.14±0.39
优瑞卡Eureka	URK	366.52±2.64	67.15±4.49	94.83±2.56	4.27±0.53	2.27±0.67	12.12±0.29
兔眼蓝莓，栽培品种Rabbiteye blueberry (V. ashei), cultivar
巴尔德温Baldwin	BDW	216.09±7.99	91.94±2.16	98.58±5.79	3.53±0.25	11.81±0.39	3.63±0.14
贝姬蓝Beckyblue	BKB	252.11±2.64	167.29±1.82	130.07±5.36	5.42±0.92	1.64±0.44	14.01±0.59
灿烂Brightwell	BRW	101.69±5.28	82.83±2.02	68.56±5.57	2.59±0.00	31.30±0.82	14.11±0.29
园蓝Garden Blue	GDB	97.45±4.35	97.24±2.11	121.04±1.38	4.58±0.90	22.19±0.78	2.27±0.67
杰兔Premier	PRM	82.62±6.07	74.07±2.03	134.52±4.35	0.49±0.29	10.34±0.53	1.01±0.25
蓝宝石Saphire	SPH	90.39±1.73	31.20±4.91	35.16±2.30	0.81±0.59	22.71±0.67	12.33±0.25
乌达德Woodard	WDD	205.50±1.99	99.85±4.39	132.62±4.35	5.94±0.64	4.89±0.90	11.81±0.39
北高丛蓝莓，栽培品种Northern highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum), cultivar
钱德勒Chandler	CHD	129.93±0.99	57.48±5.40	105.92±2.69	1.44±0.82	15.48±0.92	11.07±0.88
德雷伯Draper	DRP	76.26±4.35	56.91±2.76	68.35±2.37	0.91±0.14	12.54±0.74	14.74±0.82
杜克Duke	DUK	116.52±2.64	137.42±0.86	68.7±2.04	2.06±0.53	2.06±0.29	12.65±0.44
早蓝Earlyblue	ELB	156.06±2.99	89.54±4.81	99.85±5.021	3.74±0.39	3.74±0.39	5.83±0.97
莱格西Legacy	LGC	161.71±5.56	193.49±2.64	80.99±1.40	2.27±0.25	0.91±0.14	1.85±0.29
野生越橘Wild species
江南越橘 V. mandarinorum	MFH1	112.28±3.60	28.17±1.22	93.92±3.99	5.10±0.44	22.92±0.97	17.78±0.53
	MFH2	158.89±1.99	168.78±4.57	127.81±4.35	8.67±0.14	6.25±0.53	2.06±0.39
	MFH3	351.69±2.64	151.83±5.19	132.62±3.88	4.37±0.82	4.16±0.25	8.77±0.53
	MFH4	263.41±1.99	39.19±0.72	143.70±4.31	2.17±0.14	38.85±0.39	3.21±0.51
	MFH5	201.26±4.35	65.88±4.18	120.61±3.83	0.28±0.33	12.54±0.14	14.53±0.92
云南越橘 V. duclouxii	YNY	146.18±1.99	109.95±4.94	98.15±3.81	7.41±0.39	5.83±0.59	2.37±0.39
云南越橘 V. duclouxii	YNY316	561.43±3.60	43.92±4.71	130.15±3.04	17.26±0.78	1.33±0.51	15.58±0.59
乌饭树 V. bracteatum	WFS1	9.17±2.64	11.85±3.33	32.48±0.78	1.96±0.25	2.27±0.51	10.00±0.39
乌饭树 V. bracteatum	WFS6	—	75.56±2.71	11.43±3.51	—	5.10±0.67	3.11±0.90
刺毛越橘V. trichocladum	CMY	251.40±3.45	242.93±1.73	221.74±3.46	8.04±0.29	2.37±0.39	8.66±0.39
乌鸦果V. fragile	WYG1	120.75±2.64	88.55±4.96	149.00±2.44	2.38±0.53	20.19±0.51	5.41±0.51
品种/种质 Cultivar/germplasm	代码 Sample code	花色苷含量 Anthocyanin content (mg·g^-1 DW)			原花青素含量 Proanthocyanidin content (mg·g^-1 DW)
品种/种质 Cultivar/germplasm	代码 Sample code	嫩叶 Young leaf	成熟叶 Mature leaf	老叶 Senescent leaf	嫩叶 Young leaf	成熟叶 Mature leaf	老叶 Senescent leaf
南高丛蓝莓，栽培品种Southern highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum), cultivar
蓝雨Bluerain	BLR	0.21±0.01	5.79±0.15	1.87±0.21	25.91±0.63	29.80±0.08	33.53±0.04
库珀Cooper	CPR	1.08±0.03	1.27±0.02	1.19±0.16	67.76±0.22	59.63±0.08	37.86±0.05
艾美瑞Emerald	EMD	0.53±0.01	0.08±0.01	1.52±0.09	12.93±0.92	15.14±0.03	41.94±0.03
佐治亚宝石Georgiagerm	GGM	0.41±0.01	0.82±0.02	3.06±0.11	14.12±1.69	61.17±0.78	34.03±0.15
珠宝Jewel	JUE	0.35±0.04	1.91±0.08	1.06±0.03	70.27±0.59	16.13±0.10	23.31±0.32
密斯提Misty	MST	0.80±0.01	1.89±0.10	1.96±0.11	13.27±1.35	28.37±0.07	42.77±0.53
奥尼尔O'Neal	ONL	0.47±0.04	5.07±0.16	1.25±0.12	17.42±0.41	23.20±0.32	44.30±0.20
夏普蓝Sharpblue	SHP	0.84±0.03	1.55±0.08	2.18±0.12	16.80±0.51	20.97±0.11	34.56±0.81
普林Springhigh	SPR	0.57±0.03	0.33±0.04	1.58±0.05	67.10±0.78	28.36±0.10	30.90±0.58
明星Star	STR	0.69±0.05	0.11±0.01	2.18±0.06	14.10±1.65	18.68±0.27	48.07±0.72
优瑞卡Eureka	URK	0.67±0.02	0.28±0.02	3.10±0.02	80.24±3.04	31.97±0.60	42.31±0.45
兔眼蓝莓，栽培品种Rabbiteye blueberry (V. ashei), cultivar
巴尔德温Baldwin	BDW	0.37±0.01	0.29±0.03	0.53±0.05	27.67±0.23	38.51±0.07	33.45±0.04
贝姬蓝Beckyblue	BKB	0.06±0.01	4.14±0.17	2.86±0.18	62.48±1.79	96.67±0.11	71.85±0.13
灿烂Brightwell	BRW	0.50±0.02	3.45±0.15	2.34±0.18	20.85±1.40	22.97±0.01	26.11±0.01
园蓝Garden Blue	GDB	0.08±0.01	0.09±0.01	1.25±0.11	12.86±1.69	26.03±0.19	45.92±0.03
杰兔Premier	PRM	0.16±0.01	1.25±0.06	3.36±0.10	9.11±0.85	70.06±0.71	83.07±1.07
蓝宝石Saphire	SPH	0.90±0.06	0.93±0.12	0.44±0.04	12.90±1.78	10.05±0.13	25.80±0.18
乌达德Woodard	WDD	0.94±0.04	0.86±0.05	0.97±0.07	65.63±2.37	56.92±0.55	60.99±0.60
北高丛蓝莓，栽培品种Northern highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum), cultivar
钱德勒Chandler	CHD	0.40±0.01	2.23±0.17	0.86±0.06	40.97±0.85	28.95±0.05	50.97±0.17
德雷伯Draper	DRP	0.12±0.01	1.44±0.03	2.70±0.18	13.33±1.15	23.12±0.19	40.85±0.04
杜克Duke	DUK	1.00±0.01	2.28±0.05	3.03±0.13	12.81±0.15	74.56±0.18	50.13±0.13
早蓝Earlyblue	ELB	0.25±0.02	1.04±0.10	2.18±0.05	64.74±2.19	27.63±0.08	60.76±0.03
莱格西Legacy	LGC	0.49±0.05	2.03±0.07	2.06±0.15	23.12±1.41	62.85±0.30	31.57±0.46
野生越橘Wild species
江南越橘 V. mandarinorum	MFH1	0.60±0.01	0.39±0.03	0.11±0.01	14.41±1.51	23.30±0.32	38.24±0.26
	MFH2	1.93±0.09	0.08±0.01	1.43±0.05	12.75±0.22	39.65±0.93	51.48±0.51
	MFH3	1.83±0.13	0.09±0.01	2.23±0.11	66.40±1.30	78.24±0.13	42.16±0.75
	MFH4	0.78±0.03	2.94±0.13	0.10±0.01	58.98±1.00	15.08±0.37	73.53±0.91
	MFH5	0.43±0.02	2.29±0.06	2.92±0.06	80.07±1.97	16.42±0.41	45.84±0.40
云南越橘 V. duclouxii	YNY	0.33±0.04	0.35±0.04	0.57±0.04	29.95±0.14	43.09±0.52	46.52±0.89
云南越橘 V. duclouxii	YNY316	4.77±0.17	1.13±0.12	2.50±0.21	135.56±4.45	51.99±0.91	55.16±0.64
乌饭树 V. bracteatum	WFS1	0.06±0.01	0.09±0.01	0.10±0.01	27.67±0.23	31.29±0.65	54.65±0.66
乌饭树 V. bracteatum	WFS6	—	0.26±0.01	2.12±0.11	—	49.79±0.60	21.50±0.17
刺毛越橘V. trichocladum	CMY	1.21±0.04	0.08±0.01	0.66±0.02	24.38±0.38	60.85±0.08	67.42±0.02
乌鸦果V. fragile	WYG1	3.59±0.17	1.27±0.12	1.42±0.03	25.23±0.93	25.95±0.44	18.71±0.21

Table 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

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参数 Parameter	总黄酮含量 Total flavonoid content (mg·g^-1 DW)	槲皮素含量 Quercetin content (mg·g^-1 DW)	花色苷含量 Anthocyanin content (mg·g^-1 DW)	原花青素含量Proanthocyanidin content (mg·g^-1 DW)	·OH清除率 ·OH scavenging rate (%)	ABTS自由基清除率 ABTS radical scavenging rate (%)	FRAP值 FRAP value
嫩叶Young leaf
最小值Min.	9.17	0.28	0.06	9.11	17.08	1.71	0.02
最大值Max.	561.43	17.26	4.77	135.56	60.85	57.45	1.85
均值Mean	189.92	4.51	0.83	37.63	41.98	14.01	0.44
标准偏差Std.	121.84	3.48	0.98	29.71	10.96	12.87	0.60
变异系数CV (%)	64.74	75.98	116.57	79.25	26.53	89.57	139.00
成熟叶Mature leaf
最小值Min.	11.85	0.91	0.08	10.05	32.52	12.36	0.02
最大值Max.	242.93	38.85	5.79	96.67	80.08	68.18	1.92
均值Mean	89.05	12.56	1.41	38.45	55.48	33.66	0.80
标准偏差Std.	54.16	10.78	1.45	21.61	12.55	12.18	0.57
变异系数CV (%)	60.83	85.87	103.09	56.21	22.63	36.21	71.64
老叶Senescent leaf
最小值Min.	11.43	1.02	0.10	18.71	22.51	4.91	0.03
最大值Max.	221.74	18.31	3.36	83.07	90.18	89.27	7.51
均值Mean	99.51	8.95	1.70	44.42	65.14	30.28	1.23
标准偏差Std.	44.92	5.30	0.95	15.32	18.93	17.06	1.56
变异系数CV (%)	45.15	59.28	56.25	34.49	29.07	56.35	127.45

Bioactive Polyphenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activities in Leaves of 34 Vaccinium Species

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