芝麻叶片抗氧化活性的特征及优异抗氧化种质的筛选

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.19.002

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Flavonoids and polyphenols are the main natural antioxidant active components in plants, which are abundant in sesame leaves. Analyzing the contents of antioxidant active components such as total flavonoids and total polyphenols in sesame leaves at different growth stages and positions, as well as the changes in antioxidant activities, and screening sesame germplasm with high antioxidant active components in leaves, will provide theoretical basis and excellent materials for the development and utilization of sesame leaves.【Method】The extraction process of total flavonoids and total polyphenols from leaves was optimized by a one-way test, and total flavonoids, total polyphenols, and antioxidant activity (DPPH scavenging ratio) were determined in sesame leaves at different growth stages and leaf positions, as well as leaves of 154 sesame germplasm.【Result】The optimal conditions for the extraction of total flavonoids and total polyphenols from the leaves were: 80% ethanol as the extraction solvent, solid-liquid ratio of 1:50 (g·mL^-1), oscillation time of 4 min, oscillation frequency of 1 250 r/min and ultrasonic time of 35 min. With the process of sesame growth and development, the total flavonoid content of sesame leaves increased rapidly from the initial-bloom stage to the full-bloom stage, and reached the peak at the mature stage. The total polyphenols content generally showed a continuous increasing trend, slightly decreased at the final flowering period, but the difference was not significant. The antioxidant activity generally shows a continuous increasing trend. At mature stage, the total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in leaves at different leaf positions showed a gradient distribution of middle > lower > upper, while the total polyphenols showed upper > middle > lower. The total flavonoid content in the leaves of 154 sesame germplasm ranged from 20.94 to 57.43 mg CAE·g^-1, the total polyphenol content ranged from 16.04 to 65.75 mg GAE·g^-1, and the antioxidant activity ranged from 54.09% to 80.45%. Cluster analysis divided 154 materials into four groups, group Ⅰ materials had relatively high total flavonoid and total polyphenol contents and the three indexes were relatively balanced; group Ⅱ had high values of antioxidant activity; group Ⅲ had mostly median levels of total flavonoid and total polyphenol contents and low antioxidant activity; and group Ⅳ had low values of overall antioxidant indexes. Five excellent leaf germplasm with outstanding antioxidant activity indexes were screened: Sesame in Xinjiang E’min, White Sesame in Shaanxi Weinan, White Sesame in Shaanxi Baoji, 68·544 in Nicaragua and K2 in Guinea, respectively.【Conclusion】The differences in antioxidant activity indexes of sesame leaves at different growth stages and different leaf positions were systematically revealed. Sesame leaves harvested from the middle position at mature stage had the highest content of antioxidant substances and antioxidant activity.

Key words: sesame, leaves, harvesting period, leaf position, total flavonoids, total polyphenols, antioxidant activity

LUO ZiShu, ZHANG YiJia, ZHOU Rong, ZHANG YanXin, ZHOU Ting, YOU Jun, WANG LinHai. Characterization of Antioxidant Activities in Sesame Leaves and Screening of High Antioxidant Germplasm[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(19): 3814-3824.

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References 32

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不同叶位 Different leaf positions	总黄酮含量 Total flavonoids content (mg CAE·g^-1)	总多酚含量 Total polyphenols content (mg GAE·g^-1)	抗氧化活性/DPPH清除率 Antioxidant activity/DPPH scavenging ratio (%)
上部叶Upper leaf	16.79±1.24c	45.31±1.14a	64.20±2.52b
中部叶Middle leaf	52.65±2.20a	44.40±3.48a	72.83±3.24a
下部叶Lower leaf	37.94±1.32b	40.39±1.45b	64.97±2.38b

Characterization of Antioxidant Activities in Sesame Leaves and Screening of High Antioxidant Germplasm

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