绿肥过腹还田协同氮肥减施提高小麦产量和土壤质量

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.01.011

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Aiming at the issues of insufficient input of organic matters and high reliance on nitrogen fertilizers of wheat production in the Qinghai Plateau, the study investigated the influences of different incorporation methods of green manure after wheat combing nitrogen fertilizer reduction on wheat yield and soil quality, so as to provide the theoretical basis and practical guidance of efficiently and sustainably producing wheat in this area. 【Method】The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of the Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University from 2022 to 2023. A split plot design was adopted, and three nitrogen application levels were set up in the main plot of wheat season: conventional nitrogen application (225 kg·hm^-2, N2), nitrogen reduction by 30% (158 kg·hm^-2, N1), and no nitrogen application (N0). The subplot was setup as three green manure incorporation methods in the previous season: only green manure root returning (RR), overground straw returning via sheep digest combined with root returning (SDRR), and overground straw and root returning (OSRR).【Result】The content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium of treatment nitrogen reduction by 30% and overground straw returning via sheep digest combined with root returning (N1SDRR) were increased by 10.3%, 8.6%, 23.8%, 9.1%, and 8.4%, respectively, than those under nitrogen reduction by 30% and overground straw and root returning (N1OSRR). Meanwhile, the content of soil nitrate nitrogen under N1SDRR was 4.4% and 11.3% lower than that of treatment conventional nitrogen application and overground straw returning via sheep digest combined with root returning (N2SDRR) and N1OSRR, respectively. Additionally, the activities of soil alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, and urease under N1SDRR treatment were increased by 8.5%, 10.2%, and 3.7%, respectively, compared with the N1OSRR treatment; however, the activity of soil catalase was 7.1% and 10.0% lower than that under N2SDRR and N1OSRR, respectively. The soil quality index of the N1SDRR treatment was the highest (0.79), showing no significant difference from the N2SDRR treatment, but significantly increasing by 72.0% compared with the N1OSRR treatment. Furthermore, SDRR significantly enhanced the grain yield of wheat by 28.1% and 7.3% compared with RR and OSRR, respectively, and no yield reduction occurred even 30% nitrogen fertilizer was reduced. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation between the soil quality index and yield. The random forest model indicated that the main factors influencing soil quality index were soil organic matter, available phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen, and total nitrogen, while the main factors influencing grain yield of wheat were soil organic matter, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, and urease activity.【Conclusion】Under the condition of 30% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer, the overground straw returning via sheep digest combined with root returning could effectively improve soil quality and wheat grain yield by reducing soil bulk density, increasing soil organic matter, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium content and alkaline phosphatase, urease and sucrase activity, which was a suitable management measure for sustainable wheat production in this area.

Key words: green manure, nitrogen fertilizer reduction, wheat, soil quality index, yield

LU Hao, ZHANG MingLong, HAN Mei, YAN QingBiao, LI ZhengPeng, YIN Wen, FAN ZhiLong, HU FaLong, CHAI Qiang. Green Manure Returning via Sheep Digest with Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction are Beneficial to Improve Wheat Yield and Soil Quality at Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(1): 147-160.

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处理 Treatment		2022		2023
处理 Treatment		鲜重 Fresh weight	干重 Dry weight	鲜重 Fresh weight	干重 Dry weight
N2	RR	14933 d	5988 c	15218 c	6391 b
	SDRR	16288 a	6924 a	16806 a	7450 a
	OSRR	15803 b	6972 a	16470 ab	7237 a
N1	RR	13466 f	5575 d	13752 e	5817 c
	SDRR	16022 a	6651 ab	16138 b	6780 b
	OSRR	15355 c	6284 b	15425 c	6301 b
N0	RR	12933 g	5432 d	13120 e	5420 d
	SDRR	13911 e	5842 c	14025 d	5974 c
	OSRR	13266 f	5585 d	13436 e	5490 d

年份 Year	全碳Total C (%)	全氮 Total N (%)	全磷 Total P (%)	全钾Total K (%)
2022	47.36	3.31	0.27	3.20
2023	48.37	3.37	0.25	3.34

年份 Year	有机质 Organic matter (%)	全氮 Total N (%)	全磷 Total P (%)	全钾 Total K (%)
2022	50.82	1.46	0.44	0.32
2023	51.33	1.44	0.43	0.31

	容重 BD	酸碱度 pH	有机质 SOM	全氮 TN	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N	硝态氮 NO₃^--N	速效磷 AP	速效钾 AK
年份Year, Y	ns	*	**	**	**	**	**	**
施氮水平 N fertilizer application rates, N	ns	*	**	**	**	**	**	**
绿肥还田方式 Green manure returning method, G	*	*	**	**	*	**	**	**
年份×施氮水平 Y×N	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
年份×绿肥还田方式 Y×G	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
施氮水平×绿肥还田方式 N×G	ns	ns	**	*	*	**	**	*
年份×施氮水平×绿肥还田方式 Y×N×G	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

	ALP	URE	SUC	CAT
年份 Year, Y	*	**	**	**
施氮水平N fertilizer application rates, N	**	**	**	**
绿肥还田方式Green manure returning method, G	**	**	**	**
年份×施氮水平Y×N	ns	**	ns	**
年份×绿肥还田方式Y×G	ns	ns	ns	ns
施氮水平×绿肥还田方式 N×G	ns	**	ns	**
年份×施氮水平×绿肥还田方式 Y×N×G	ns	ns	ns	ns

Green Manure Returning via Sheep Digest with Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction are Beneficial to Improve Wheat Yield and Soil Quality at Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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	BD	pH	SOM	TN	NH₄⁺-N	NO₃^--N	AP	AK	ALP	SUC	URE	CAT
公因子方差Communality	0.18	0.52	0.89	0.83	0.83	0.87	0.81	0.73	0.85	0.79	0.79	0.76
权重Weight	0.02	0.06	0.10	0.09	0.09	0.10	0.09	0.08	0.10	0.09	0.09	0.09

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