绿肥配施增效产品降低旱地麦田温室气体排放及碳足迹

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.07.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of green manure (GM) crops combined with enhanced-efficiency products on greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) and carbon (C) footprints in the dryland summer GM-winter wheat rotation system on the Loess Plateau, so as to provide the theoretical basis and technical parameters for fully tapping the emission reduction and C fixation potential of GM crops, and evaluating its environmental benefits in this cropping system.【Method】The GHGs patterns and net balance of soil C pool in summer GM-winter wheat rotation system of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) combined with different enhanced-efficiency products were measured from 2023 to 2024. There were 9 treatments, including: fallow (control), black beans sown alone, black beans + composite biological bacteria (Zaoyijia No.1), black beans + bacterium (Bacillus beresii B22), black beans + sepiolite, rapeseed sown alone, rapeseed + absorbent polymer (Shouke), rapeseed + actinomycetes (Streptomycete rochei D74), and rapeseed + sepiolite, each with 3 replications. C footprints were quantified and evaluated comprehensively, and the suitable GM + product combinations for C sequestration and GHGs emission reduction in drylands were screened.【Result】(1) Compared with black beans sown alone, black beans + bacterium significantly reduced N₂O and CO₂emissions, and global warming potential (GWP), with an average decrease of 29.3%, 17.5%, and 17.8%, respectively, reduced 21.6% GHGs intensity (P>0.05), and increased 7.8% wheat yield (P>0.05). (2) Black beans + bacterium showed the highest dry biomass (4 230 kg·hm^-2) and C input (1 750 kg·hm^-2) and decreased 43.6% (P<0.05) C footprints compared to fallow. (3) Compared with rapeseed sown alone, rapeseed + sepiolite significantly reduced N₂O and CO₂ emissions, and GWP, with an average decrease of 52.0%, 16.9%, and 17.6%, respectively. (4) Rapeseed + sepiolite showed the highest dry GM biomass (2 723 kg·hm^-2) and reduced 27.0% (P<0.05) C footprints compared with fallow.【Conclusion】Introducing the optimized mixture of black beans + bacterium and rapeseed + sepiolite into the summer GM-winter wheat system in the Loess Plateau effectively reduced the GHGs and GWP after incorporating the GM crops, boosted C input, and diminished the C footprints of the crop growth period. This study established a green and clean production model that promoted grain quality, fertilizer use efficiency, C sequestration, and emission reduction, and accelerated the high-quality development of "ecological priority, green and low-carbon" in drylands.

Key words: black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), winter wheat, composite biological bacteria, sepiolite, absorbent polymer, greenhouse gas, carbon footprints

ZHU Qi, JIA ZhenPeng, Tahir SHAH, XU ChenSheng, LI ZhiQi, LÜ HuiShuai, ZHU PengChao, WEI XiaoMin, HUANG DongLin, SUN YanNi, CAO WeiDong, GAO YaJun, WANG ZhaoHui, ZHANG DaBin. Green Manure Crops Combined with Enhanced-Efficiency Products Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Footprints in Dryland Wheat Fields[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1507-1522.

Figures/Tables 10

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Table 2

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土层 Soil layer (cm)	pH	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total P (g·kg^-1)	全钾 Total K (g·kg^-1)	有机质 SOM (g·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	有效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)
0-10	8.20	1.00	0.70	20.6	17.2	29.8	77.2	6.05	3.67
10-20	8.18	1.01	0.69	21.1	15.9	25.3	68.0	7.58	2.85

处理 Treatment		绿肥生物量干重 Dry biomass of green manure (kg·hm^-2)	绿肥碳还田量 C accumulation of green manure (kg·hm^-2)	小麦产量 Wheat yield (kg·hm^-2)	温室气体排放强度 GHGI (kg·kg^-1)
黑麦豆 Black bean	BB	3314.8ab	1202.9b	3963.9b	3.65a
	BBCB	2634.7b	1139.1b	4085.9ab	3.54a
	BBW	4230.4a	1750.1a	4273.3ab	2.86ab
	BBH	3541.9ab	1600.2ab	4845.9ab	2.87ab
休闲 Fallow	CK	—	—	5682.9a	1.73b
油菜 Rapeseed	RS	2525.7a	965.1a	4596.0a	2.92a
	RSB	2650.0a	1097.6a	4718.5a	2.59a
	RSW	2706.7a	1063.0a	4264.0a	2.86a
	RSH	2722.6a	1061.0a	4256.7a	2.63a

Green Manure Crops Combined with Enhanced-Efficiency Products Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Footprints in Dryland Wheat Fields

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[3]	KONG Yuan, CUI ShaSha, LI Mei, LI Jian, YANG SiYu, FANG Feng, LIU ShuaiShuai, LIU MingPing, ZENG Yan, GAO XingXiang, BAI LianYang. Spatiotemporal Distribution Dynamics of Five Grass Weed Species Including Lolium multiflorum in Winter Wheat Fields of the Huang- Huai-Hai Region [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(4): 807-823.
[4]	XIAN QingLin, XIAO JianKe, GAO AQing, GAO LiChuang, LIU Yang. Effects of Planting Patterns Combined with Soil Moisture Measurement and Supplementary Irrigation on the Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(3): 589-601.
[5]	LÜ XuDong, SUN ShiYuan, LI YaNan, LIU YuLong, WANG YanQun, FU Xin, ZHANG JiaYing, NING Peng, PENG ZhengPing. Effects of Intelligent Mechanized Layered Fertilization on Root-Soil Nutrient Distribution and Yield in Wheat Fields [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(1): 129-146.
[6]	PU LiXia, ZHANG JiaRui, YE JianPing, HUANG XiuLan, FAN GaoQiong, YANG HongKun. The Combined Effects of 16, 17-Dihydro Gibberellin A₅ and Straw Mulching on Tillering and Grain Yield of Dryland Wheat [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(9): 1735-1748.
[7]	SHI Fan, LI WenGuang, YI ShuSheng, YANG Na, CHEN YuMeng, ZHENG Wei, ZHANG XueChen, LI ZiYan, ZHAI BingNian. The Variation Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon Fractions Under the Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(4): 719-732.
[8]	GUO Song, HAN Lei, WANG Yuan, WANG ZiJun, QIAN ZiHui, LU JiaMing, ZHAO Can, WANG WeiLing, XU Ke, ZHANG HongCheng, YANG FengPing, HUO ZhongYang. Effect of One-Time Side Deep Application Ratios of Controlled-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer and Common Urea to Rice Yield, Nitrogen Fertilizer Efficiency and Carbon Emission Reduction [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(24): 5216-5233.
[9]	FANG KangRui, DING ShiJie, CHEN YuShan, YANG BingGeng, GUO TengFei, XU XinPeng, ZHAO ShiCheng, WANG XiuBin, HUANG ShaoMin, QIU ShaoJun, HE Ping, ZHOU Wei. In-Season Release Rate of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Manure Fertilizers During the Wheat Season in Typical Fluvo-Aquic Soil Under the Combined Application of Chemical and Manure Fertilizers [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(24): 5234-5246.
[10]	SHE YingJun, ZHOU ZiZhe, WU Ming, GUO Wei, SHI ChangJian, HU Chao, LI Ping. Effects of Groundwater Depth and Nitrogen Application on the Distribution of Soil Water and Salt and the Nutrient Absorption and Utilization of Winter Wheat [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(20): 4285-4304.
[11]	CAO JingWen, NIE ZhiGang, LI Guang, YANG Jie. Multi-Objective Optimization of Stable Yield and Emission Reduction of Dryland Spring Wheat Based on DNDC and NSGA-Ⅲ. Coupling Model [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(13): 2538-2551.
[12]	SUN JianFei, CHENG Kun. A Review of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Quantification in Cropland [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(11): 2190-2205.
[13]	WANG RongRong, XU NingLu, HUANG XiuLi, ZHAO KaiNan, HUANG Ming, WANG HeZheng, FU GuoZhan, WU JinZhi, LI YouJun. Effects of One-Off Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Grain Yield and Quality in Dryland Wheat [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(1): 43-57.
[14]	GAO XingXiang, KONG Yuan, ZHANG YaoZhong, LI Mei, LI Jian, JIN Yan, ZHANG GuoFu, LIU ShuaiShuai, LIU MingPing, ZENG Yan, BAI LianYang. Analysis on Distribution and Change of Weed Community in Winter Wheat Field in Henan Province [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(1): 91-100.
[15]	ZANG ShaoLong, LIU LinRu, GAO YueZhi, WU Ke, HE Li, DUAN JianZhao, SONG Xiao, FENG Wei. Classification and Identification of Nitrogen Efficiency of Wheat Varieties Based on UAV Multi-Temporal Images [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(9): 1687-1708.