黑土区坡耕地地形因子和垄作方式对土壤养分和肥力指数的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.18.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the impact of different topographic factors (such as slope position and slope gradient) and ridge tillage methods (such as transverse ridge tillage and longitudinal ridge tillage) on soil nutrient content and fertility indexes of sloping arable land, which would provide a scientific basis for selecting the ridge tillage method and maintaining soil fertility of sloping arable land in this region. 【Method】The study was conducted on a typical long, gentle slope arable land in Hongxing Farm, Bei’an City, Heilongjiang Province. Grid-based sampling was conducted in plots with two different ridge tillage methods (transverse ridge tillage plot, 18 points; longitudinal ridge tillage plot, 11 points). Comparative analysis was carried out to assess the effects of slope position and slope gradient on soil nutrient contents and the Soil Fertility Index (SFI) under the two ridge tillage methods. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the impact of topographic factors, ridge tillage methods, and their interactions on the differences in soil nutrient spatial distribution between the two plots. Finally, variance partitioning analysis (VPA) was used to quantify the contribution of each factor to the explanatory degrees of SFI. 【Result】The differences in soil nutrient content and fertility index between the two plots were significant. The mean values of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, effective phosphorus, and available potassium were all significantly higher in the transverse ridge tillage plot compared with the longitudinal ridge tillage plot. However, the pH value was significantly lower in the transverse plot than that in the longitudinal plot. Consequently, the SFI of the two plots was ranked as follows: transverse ridge tillage>longitudinal ridge tillage (P<0.05). Slope position and slope gradient significantly influenced the spatial distribution of soil nutrients in plots with different ridge tillage methods, resulting in significant differences in the explanatory degree of each influencing factors on SFI variation between the two plots. In the transverse ridge tillage plot, the slope gradient differences caused by the micro-terrain (explanatory degrees, 32.62%) were the main drivers of soil nutrient differentiation. In this plot, soil total and effective phosphorus decreased as the slope increasing. In the longitudinal ridge tillage plot, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were the highest at the middle slope, and soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium, effective phosphorus, and available potassium initially decreased and then increased with rising slope. In this plot, the slope position (explanatory degrees, 6.81%) and slope gradient (explanatory degrees, 7.22%) influence the distribution of soil nutrients. A comprehensive analysis of the SFI across the entire slope surface revealed that ridge tillage method had the highest explanatory degrees for the spatial variation of SFI (15.46%), followed by slope position (9.54%). The combined explanatory degree of the interaction between ridge tillage method and the two topographic factors, slope gradient and slope position, was 9.49%. 【Conclusion】Topographic factors played a key role in soil nutrient migration in sloping arable land, and the impact of each factor (slope gradient and slope position) varied significantly under different ridge tillage methods. In transverse ridge tillage, slope differences caused by internal micro-terrain helped retain soil nutrients, while in longitudinal ridge tillage, slope gradient and slope position influenced the spatial differentiation of soil nutrients. Across the entire slope surface, the contribution of ridge tillage method to the spatial variation in soil fertility was greater than that of topographic factors. Therefore, the management of black soil sloping farmland needed to consider the combined effects of ridge tillage methods and topography.

Key words: black soil region, topographic factors, ridge tillage methods, soil nutrients, soil fertility index

WU Yong, WEN Xue, WANG TianShu, HUANG YanYan, MENG YiLi, JIANG HongYu, BI LiDong, WU HuiJun, YAO ShuiHong. The Influence of Topographic Factors and Ridge Tillage Methods on Soil Nutrients and Fertility Index of Sloping Arable Land in the Black Soil Region[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(18): 3676-3689.

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References 32

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指标 Indicator	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	Ⅵ
酸碱度 pH	6.5-7.5	5.5-6.5 or 7.5-8.5	<5.5 or >8.5	/	/	/
有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	>40	30-40	20-30	10-20	6-10	<6
全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	>2	1.5-2	1-1.5	0.75-1	0.5-0.75	<0.5
全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg^-1)	>1	0.8-1	0.6-0.8	0.4-0.6	0.2-0.4	<0.2
全钾 Total potassium (g·kg^-1)	>25	20-25	15-20	10-15	5-10	<5
碱解氮 Alkaline decomposition nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	>150	120-150	90-120	60-90	30-60	<30
有效磷 Effective phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	>40	20-40	10-20	5-10	3-5	<3
速效钾 Quick-acting potassium (mg·kg^-1)	>200	150-200	100-150	50-100	30-50	<30

指标 Indicator	含量范围 Content range		变异系数 CV (%)		均值+标准误差 Mean+SE
指标 Indicator	横坡垄作 Transverse ridge	顺坡垄作 Longitudinal ridge	横坡垄作 Transverse ridge	顺坡垄作 Longitudinal ridge	横坡垄作 Transverse ridge	顺坡垄作 Longitudinal ridge
酸碱度 pH	4.8-6.1	5.0-6.2	4.92	5.76	5.4±0.03b	5.7±0.06a
有机质 Soil organic matter (g·kg^-1)	43.07-142.64	27.57-83.70	31.19	26.29	68.65±2.76a	59.26±2.71b
全氮 Total nitrogen(g·kg^-1)	1.82-5.29	1.37-3.95	28.19	25.55	3.17±0.12a	2.83±0.13b
全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg^-1)	0.73-1.77	0.65-1.58	22.22	22.08	1.18±0.03a	1.06±0.04b
全钾 Total potassium (g·kg^-1)	13.32-18.09	13.23-18.58	6.43	9.18	16.27±0.14a	15.69±0.25b
碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	17.92-469.63	33.12-126.87	88.60	32.74	86.98±9.95a	72.96±4.16a
有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	12.48-175.05	21.37-60.19	67.57	31.90	47.64±4.16a	36.84±2.05b
速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	112.63-574.28	141.32-285.80	31.91	22.24	219.85±9.06a	183.86±7.12b

指标 Indication	坡度 Slope gradient	坡位 Slope position	垄作方式 Ridge tillage methods	坡度×坡位 Slopegradient× slope positions	坡度×垄作方式 Slope gradient× ridge tillage methods	坡位×垄作方式 Slope positions× ridge tillage methods	坡度×坡位×垄作方式 Slope gradient× Slope positions×Ridge tillage methods
酸碱度 pH	0.383	0.319	*	0.372	0.121	0.357	0.335
有机质 Soil organic matter	0.768	0.798	0.105	0.373	0.964	0.136	0.530
全氮 Total nitrogen	0.723	0.981	0.206	0.384	0.885	0.215	0.733
全磷 Total phosphorus	0.584	0.990	0.179	0.291	0.812	0.151	0.744
全钾 Total potassium	0.489	0.565	0.539	0.910	0.483	0.418	0.543
碱解氮Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen	0.912	0.488	0.663	0.952	0.751	0.867	0.368
有效磷 Available phosphorus	**	*	0.334	*	0.238	0.977	*
速效钾 Available potassium	**	**	*	**	*	0.640	0.908

The Influence of Topographic Factors and Ridge Tillage Methods on Soil Nutrients and Fertility Index of Sloping Arable Land in the Black Soil Region

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